Hyporheic and total transient storage in small, sand‐bed streams

Stofleth, John M.; Shields, F. Douglas; Fox, Garey A.

doi:10.1002/hyp.6773

Cited by 72 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Downstream of a dam, the lower stream stage created an area of low hydraulic head and a pathway for water to come back into the stream. Other researchers have also shown VHG's indicating a downwelling-upwelling flow pathway underneath beaver and debris dams (White, 1990;Stofleth et al, 2008). Such a flow pattern was not observed at the undammed site C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Beaver dams are one such biological factor that is rarely studied in spite of their ubiquitous presence and long history of damming streams in North America and Eurasia (Naiman et al, 1988;Baker and Hill, 2003;Rosell et al, 2005). The few studies that have been conducted have focused on how beaver dams restructure flow directions (White, 1990;Stofleth et al, 2008) such that beaver damdriven hyporheic flowpaths become comparable to those at severe meanders along gaining stream reaches and result in water loss to the groundwater system along static to losing stream reaches Hill and Duval, 2009). Water fluxes along these beaver dam-driven hyporheic flow pathways are infrequently quantified, although they influence the flux of dissolved solutes across the stream-groundwater interface, and ultimately downstream water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyporheic Flows Along a Channelled Peatland: Influence of Beaver Dams

Janzen

Westbrook

2011

Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressour

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Investigation into the effects of beaver dams on hyporheic fluxes in channelled peatlands is needed to better understand how biological processes drive stream-riparian area connections and thus nutrient export, and to improve our overall conceptual model of water storage and flow through peatlands. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of beaver dams on vertical and lateral hyporheic exchange. Hydrometric methods were used to determine subsurface flow pathways and estimate hyporheic water fluxes for a third-order stream draining a Canadian Rocky Mountain peatland in 2006 and 2007. Three sites were studied Á two contained small, in-channel beaver dams and the third was a control. Vertical hyporheic fluxes equaled or exceeded lateral hyporheic fluxes despite the fact that hydraulic conductivity of the stream bed tended to be lower than the banks, suggesting peat hydraulic properties were not the dominant factor in the development of hyporheic exchange in stream systems draining peatlands as has been reported for streams underlain by mineral substrates. Instead, vertical fluxes were partially influenced by the presence of a mineral lens Â0.65 m below the ground surface. As well, high riparian water tables in relation to stream stage were key to limiting lateral fluxes. Steep hydraulic gradients above the two dams created looping flow pathways beneath and around them. However, little water actually flowed along these pathways. Measures of larger fluxes of water to the riparian area above the dams than those returning to the stream below the dams suggests either that hyporheic flow paths are longer than those measured in other studies or that the beaver dams generated recharge to the groundwater flow system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyporheic Flows Along a Channelled Peatland: Influence of Beaver Dams

Janzen

Westbrook

2011

Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressour

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“…Wood pieces provide stable substrate for invertebrates and biofilms, entrap leaves and other organic matter, afford overhead cover for fish, promote hyporheic exchange flow and transient storage, enhance hydraulic heterogeneity, and encourage pool formation and channel meandering [Angermeier and Karr, 1984;Beechie and Sibley, 1997;Gregory et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2003;Mutz and Rohde, 2003;Eggert and Wallace, 2007;Stofleth et al, 2008]. The frequency and character of wood inputs varies in space and time [Latterell and Naiman, 2007;Golladay et al, 2007] and is strongly affected by riparian management [Flebbe and Dolloff, 1995;Angradi et al, 2004;Kreutzweiser et al, 2005;Czarnomski et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Merten

Finlay

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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[1] Natural pieces of wood provide a variety of ecosystem functions in streams including habitat, organic matter retention, increased hyporheic exchange and transient storage, and enhanced hydraulic and geomorphic heterogeneity. Wood mobilization is a critical process in determining the residence time of wood. We documented the characteristics and locations of 865 natural wood pieces (>0.05 m in diameter for a portion >1 m in length) in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. We determined the locations of the pieces again after an overbank stormflow event to determine the factors that influenced mobilization of stationary wood pieces in natural streams. Seven of 11 potential predictor variables were identified with multiple logistic regression as significant to mobilization: burial, effective depth, ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio), bracing, rootwad presence, downstream force ratio, and draft ratio. The final model (P < 0.001, r 2 = 0.39) indicated that wood mobilization under natural conditions is a complex function of both mechanical factors (burial, length ratio, bracing, rootwad presence, draft ratio) and hydraulic factors (effective depth, downstream force ratio). If stable pieces are a goal for stream management then features such as partial burial, low effective depth, high length relative to channel width, bracing against other objects (e.g., stream banks, trees, rocks, or larger wood pieces), and rootwads are desirable. Using the model equation from this study, stewards of natural resources can better manage in-stream wood for the benefit of stream ecosystems.

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“…Under a temporal perspective, Wondzell (2006) observed that, although the lowland stream is sensitive to changes in wood delivery with a decrease of HEF, over longer time scale large-scale channel adjustments reverse the effect of wood removal causing higher HEF fluxes. In the long term, wood removal results in 10 longer mean residence times, which impacts many hyporheic functions: temperature, nutrient retention, and oxygen concentrations (Sawyer and Cardenas, 2012;Stofleth et al, 2008). In upland rivers, wood typically creates steeper head gradients that drive hyporheic flow paths (Krause et al, 2014) (Fig.…”

Section: Logjams In Large Alluvialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling down hyporheic exchange flows: from catchments to reaches

Magliozzi

Grabowski

Packman

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Rivers are not isolated systems but continuously interact with the subsurface from upstream to downstream. In the last few decades, research on the hyporheic zone (HZ) from many perspectives has increased appreciation of the hydrological importance and ecological significance of connected river and groundwater systems. Although recent reviews, 10 modelling and field studies have explored hydrological, biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in the HZ at relatively small scales (bedforms to reaches), a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the hyporheic exchange flows (HEF) at larger scales is still missing. To date, there is fragmentary information on how hydroclimatic, hydrogeologic, topographic, anthropogenic and ecological factors interact to drive hyporheic exchange flows at large scales. Further evidence is needed to link hyporheic exchange flows across scales. This review aims to conceptualize interacting factors at catchment, 15 valley and reach scales that control spatial and temporal variations in hyporheic exchange flows. The implications of these drivers are discussed for each scale, and co-occurrences across scale are highlighted in a case of study. By using a multi-scale perspective, this review connects field observations and modelling studies to identify broad and general patterns of HEF in different catchments. This multi-scale perspective is useful to devise approaches to interpret hyporheic exchange across multiscale heterogeneities, to infer scaling relationships, and to inform watershed management decisions. 20

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Hyporheic and total transient storage in small, sand‐bed streams

Cited by 72 publications

References 41 publications

Hyporheic Flows Along a Channelled Peatland: Influence of Beaver Dams

Hyporheic Flows Along a Channelled Peatland: Influence of Beaver Dams

Factors influencing wood mobilization in streams

Scaling down hyporheic exchange flows: from catchments to reaches

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