Hyporheic and Total Storage Exchange in Small Sand-Bed Streams

Stofleth, John M.; Shields, F. Douglas; Fox, Garey A.

doi:10.1061/40792(173)587

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Woodcaused steps have been identified as important morphologic features that drive hyporheic exchange in some headwater streams (Kasahara and Wondzell, 2003;Wondzell, 2006). Although wood-driven hyporheic exchange may not be substantial in streams with large proportions of sand in the streambed, the wood can still significantly influence total hydraulic retention by creating low velocity zones within the channel (Stofleth et al, 2008). The presence of large wood that is not contributing to major morphological features can also influence hyporheic exchange by increasing flow velocities between the wood and bed (Sawyer et al, 2011.…”

Section: Physical Benefits Of Large Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Large Wood in Streams: An Overview and Proposed Framework for Hazard Evaluation

Wohl

Bledsoe

Fausch

et al. 2016

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Instream and floodplain wood can provide many benefits to river ecosystems, but can also create hazards for inhabitants, infrastructure, property, and recreational users in the river corridor. We propose a decision process for managing large wood, and particularly for assessing the relative benefits and hazards associated with individual wood pieces and with accumulations of wood. This process can be applied at varying levels of effort, from a relatively cursory visual assessment to more detailed numerical modeling. Decisions to retain, remove, or modify wood in a channel or on a floodplain are highly dependent on the specific context: the same piece of wood that might require removal in a highly urbanized setting may provide sufficient benefits to justify retention in a natural area or lower-risk urban setting. The proposed decision process outlined here can be used by individuals with diverse technical backgrounds and in a range of urban to natural river reaches so that opportunities for wood retention or enhancement are increased.(KEY TERMS: instream wood; large woody debris; hazard; river restoration; recreation; floodplain management; habitat.)

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Section: Physical Benefits Of Large Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Large Wood in Streams: An Overview and Proposed Framework for Hazard Evaluation

Wohl

Bledsoe

Fausch

et al. 2016

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…Wood obstructions influence channel hydraulics [ Gippel , 1995; Daniels and Rhoads , 2003; Mutz , 2003; Shields et al , 2003] and retention of particulate carbon [ Shields et al 2008a]. Retention zones provided by LW obstructions are essential habitat components in sand bed streams because of the small magnitude of hyporheic exchange [ Stofleth et al , 2008]. Wood is associated with morphologic processes across a range of scales: local scour [ Beebe , 2000; Wallerstein , 2003, Borg et al , 2007], sediment storage [ Thompson , 1995; Cordova et al , 2006] and bed material sorting [ Assani and Petit , 1995] at the scale of a few meters up to step pool formation at reach scales in steep, forest streams to controls on channel avulsion, planform and floodplain formation in large rivers [ Triska , 1984; Gurnell et al , 2002; Sear et al , 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of flow forces on large wood in rivers

Shields

Alonso

2012

Water Resources Research

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[1] Large wood (LW) exerts an important influence on the geomorphology and ecology of streams and rivers. The magnitudes of flow forces on LW are needed to support stream management activities and are typically computed using time mean lift and drag coefficients determined in laboratory flumes using small, smooth cylinders. Herein we report measurements of forces on LW of varying complexity (simple cylinder, branching, and complex root wad) and surface (bark) roughness made in an outdoor grassed channel under steady and unsteady flows. LW orientation relative to the primary flow direction and LW relative submergence were varied. Drag and lift coefficients for cylindrical (unbranched) LW followed patterns reported by others for metal cylinders in wind tunnels. Drag coefficients for cylindrical (unbranched) LW, corrected for blockage effects, ranged from À0.05 to 1.29, and lift coefficients ranged from À0.88 to 0.52, varying systematically with LW position relative to the channel bed and incident flow direction. Measured drag coefficients for the noncylindrical LW, corrected for blockage effects, ranged from 0.22 to 6.27, while lift coefficients varied from À3.65 to 30.84. Systematic relationships between the relative submergence and orientation of branching LW and the drag and lift coefficients were not observed, but coefficients were greatest for LW with few branches and converged on smaller values typical of blunt bodies as LW complexity increased. For both simple and complex LW, maximum lift and drag forces during the rising limb of unsteady flows were about 2-3 times greater than steady flow temporal mean values.

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“…larger scale bank or transient storage) relative to changes in stream stage. Changes in discharge and stream stage are known to create bank storage and also suggested to influence near-streambed transient storage (D'Angelo et al, 1993;Harvey and Bencala, 1993;Morrice et al, 1997;Worman et al, 2002;Zarnetske et al, 2007;Stofleth et al, 2008). However, as noted by Zarnetske et al (2007), '.…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has also documented that highly conductive alluvial systems can be zones of considerable bank storage (Chen and Chen, 2003) and correspondingly transient storage zones for water and nutrients, acting as a sink during high flow and a source during baseflow . However, limited data have been presented that documents and quantifies the transient nature of groundwater in alluvial floodplains, other than nearstreambed hyporheic flow (Harvey et al, 1996;Worman et al, 2002;Stofleth et al, 2008). Stream-aquifer interaction has been documented on spatial and temporal scales larger than typically associated with hyporheic exchanges (Larkin and Sharp, 1992;Covino et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence and flow direction as indicators of subsurface heterogeneity and stage-dependent storage in alluvial floodplains

Heeren

Fox

Fox³

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Process.

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Assuming homogeneity in alluvial aquifers is convenient, but limits our ability to accurately predict stream‐aquifer interactions. Research is needed on (i) identifying the presence of focused, as opposed to diffuse, groundwater discharge/recharge to streams and (ii) the magnitude and role of large‐scale bank and transient storage in alluvial floodplains relative to changes in stream stage. The objective of this research was to document and quantify the effect of stage‐dependent aquifer heterogeneity and bank storage relative to changes in stream stage using groundwater flow divergence and direction. Monitoring was performed in alluvial floodplains adjacent to the Barren Fork Creek and Honey Creek in northeastern Oklahoma. Based on results from subsurface electrical resistivity mapping, observation wells were installed in high and low electrical resistivity subsoils. Water levels in the wells were recorded real time using pressure transducers (August to October 2009). Divergence was used to quantify heterogeneity (i.e. variation in hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and/or aquifer thickness), and flow direction was used to assess the potential for large‐scale (100 m) bank or transient storage. Areas of localized heterogeneity appeared to act as divergence zones allowing stream water to quickly enter the groundwater system, or as flow convergence zones draining a large groundwater area. Maximum divergence or convergence occurred with maximum rates of change in flow rates or stream stage. Flow directions in the groundwater changed considerably between base and high flows, suggesting that the floodplains acted as large‐scale bank storage zones, rapidly storing and releasing water during passage of a storm hydrograph. During storm events at both sites, the average groundwater direction changed by at least 90° from the average groundwater direction during baseflow. Aquifer heterogeneity in floodplains yields hyporheic flows that are more responsive and spatially and temporally complex than would be expected compared to more common assumptions of homogeneity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Hyporheic and Total Storage Exchange in Small Sand-Bed Streams

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Management of Large Wood in Streams: An Overview and Proposed Framework for Hazard Evaluation

Management of Large Wood in Streams: An Overview and Proposed Framework for Hazard Evaluation

Assessment of flow forces on large wood in rivers

Divergence and flow direction as indicators of subsurface heterogeneity and stage-dependent storage in alluvial floodplains

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