Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A Strategy for Comparing the Contributions of Environmental Chemicals and Other Risk Factors to Neurodevelopment of Children

“…The incidence of TOF is 4 in 10,000 (Child 2004), or 10,200 cases in children 0-5 years of age in the United States. The incidence of d-TGA is 3 in 10,000 (Martins and Castela 2008), or 7,650 cases, and the incidence of HLHS is 2 in 10,000 (Barron et al 2009 (Hamilton et al 2010). In a metaanalysis of 15 studies (1,556 cases; 1,720 controls), Bhutta et al (2002) calculated a mean FSIQ deficit among cases of 10.85 points, producing a total loss of 34,031,025 FSIQ points.…”

MicroRNAs: pleiotropic players in congenital heart disease and regeneration

“…It is characterized by stenotic or atretic aortic and/or mitral valves, a highly hypoplastic aorta ascendens and a left ventricle that is highly hypoplastic or even completely missing (68). The severity of the disease requires surgical intervention within the first couple of days after birth.…”

“…The severity of the disease requires surgical intervention within the first couple of days after birth. This palliative, so-called Norwood procedure includes three successive surgical interventions to generate circulation that is restricted to two chambers of the heart (63,68). In a recent study by Sucharov et al the miR profile of the RV in HLHS patients was compared with the RV of non-failing (NF) hearts using an array that detected 754 miRs (34).…”

Obstructive Shock

“…These anatomic defects require prompt recognition in the neonatal period, if not prenatally diagnosed, and the treatment depends on circulatory and respiratory support including mechanical ventilation and inotropic support of the fluid-overloaded right ventricle, as well as securing ductal patency with prostaglandin E2 infusion. Definitive treatment is later achieved through surgical palliation, discussions of which are outside of the scope of this article [5,12,19].…”