Hypoplastic acute leukemia: Review of 70 cases with multivariate regression analysis

Abstract

Between 1971 and 1984, 22 of 190 adult patients (11.6 per cent) with acute leukemia seen at the University of Arizona had hypocellular acute leukemia (HAL), defined as lymphoblasts or myeloblasts (plus atypical promyelocytes) of greater than or equal to 30 per cent, but marrow cellularity of the core biopsy or clot section of less than or equal to 50 per cent based on a 1000 point count. These 22 patients with HAL plus the 48 previously published patients with well documented HAL (combined series of 70 patients) were evaluated in detail with multivariate analysis. The median leukocyte count was 2700/microL, hemoglobin of 8.2 g/dl, and platelet count 63,000/microL. Circulating blasts were noted in 27 of 52 patients (52 per cent). Twenty-seven of 34 patients (79 per cent) had abnormal cytogenetics. The overall median survival was 8 months (range: 0.1-48). The median survival for the 22 patients managed with supportive care alone was 4 months, 6 months for the 16 patients treated with non-aggressive induction therapy, and 13 months for the 32 patients treated with aggressive induction therapy (p less than 0.02 versus other categories). Multivariate analysis confirmed that aggressive induction therapy was a major favourable prognostic factor (p = 0.016). Multivariate analysis of the aggressively induced patients revealed that younger patients (less than or equal to 65; p = 0.04) and patients with no AHD (p = 0.09) lived longer. Thus, aggressive remission induction can be attempted in HAL and appears to contribute to prolonged survival especially under age 65 years.

Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia in adults: analysis of the clinical outcome of 123 patients

“…Hypocellular AML is currently defined as AML with a bone marrow cellularity less than 20%, although in some earlier reports, cellularity less than 40% or 50% was considered to be hypocellular. [2][3][4][5] Its diagnosis poses a challenge to hematopathologists because of the features in common between hypocellular AML and hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia, including cytopenias and dysplasia; this is particularly the case in the few instances in which cellularity is extremely low. Guidelines were, therefore, proposed to facilitate the diagnosis.…”

Adult Leukemia Developing after Aplastic Anemia: Report of 8 Cases

“…In this case the clinical outcome of the leukemic phase appeared similar to that observed in typical adult ALL. Despite the advanced age of patients and the preceding marrow failure, an intensive induction treatment seems advisable to improve survival, as has been proposed for elderly ANLL patients [22] and for hypoplastic acute leukemia patients [23].…”

Hypoplastic acute leukemia: description of eight cases and search for hematopoietic inhibiting activity

“…Patients present with cytopenias and only very few peripheral blasts. The disease mainly afflicts the elderly [2,5,15]. Median survival without therapy reported in the literature is about 6-9 months [2,5,15].…”