Hyponatremia and hypernatremia in the newborn: in medio stat virtus

Marcialis, Maria Antonietta; Dessì, Angelica; Mc, Pintus; Marinelli, M.; Fanos,

doi:10.2741/364

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, acute hyponatremia should be corrected, while avoiding a too-rapid rise in sodium serum levels. In chronic hyponatremia, due to SIADH, adaptive brain mechanisms make hyponatremia better tolerated by the brain and require very slow correction [ 1 , 3 , 38 ].…”

Section: Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyponatremia can be quite frequent in both children and newborns. Among preterm newborns, the exact incidence is difficult to estimate and it seems to affect two-thirds of very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, hyponatremia can be divided into subtypes according to extracellular volume (ECV) status, represented by the intravascular compartment, which can be reduced (hypovolemic hyponatremia), normal (euvolemic hyponatremia), and increased (hypervolemic hyponatremia) [ 1 ]. A complete description of hyponatremia, its potential causes, differential diagnoses, and therapeutic options for a correct management were subjects of our previous reviews [ 1 , 3 ] and are beyond the scope of this discussion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential diagnosis between syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and cerebral/renal salt wasting syndrome in children over 1 year: proposal for a simple algorithm

et al. 2021

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Hyponatremia, especially if acute and severe, can be a life-threatening condition. Several conditions can trigger hyponatremia. In this review, we will discuss two conditions that can determine euvolemic hyponatremia: the cerebral/renal salt wasting (CRSW) syndrome and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), including the two subtypes: reset osmostat (RO) and nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) and their differential diagnoses. Despite the passage of over 70 years since its first description, to date, the true etiopathogenesis of CRSW syndrome, a rare cause of hypovolemic/euvolemic hyponatremia, is almost unknown. SIADH, including RO and NSIAD, is sometimes difficult to differentiate from CRSW syndrome; in its differential diagnosis, the clinical approach based on the evaluation of the extracellular volume (ECV) was proven insufficient. We therefore suggest a simple diagnostic algorithm based on the assessment of the degree of hyponatremia, urinary osmolality, and the assessment of the fraction of urate excretion (FEUa) in conditions of hyponatremia and after serum sodium correction, to be applied in children over 1 year of life.

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Section: Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%