Hypomanic mood in a child patient treated with interferon-α 2a: Case report

Mazzone, Luigi; Mugno, Diego

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2007.03.010

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…[41] Interestingly, therapy with IFN-α has been reported several times to induce manic/hypomanic or mixed states in nonpsychiatric patients. [42][43][44][45] One study highlighted the higher prevalence of mild excitatory symptoms (i.e. irritable mood, racing thoughts, distractibility, agitation, and insomnia) associated with anhedonia and fatigue in IFN-α treated patients, rather than typical major depressive or euphoric symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation and excitatory symptoms in bipolar disorder

Panaccione¹,

Spalletta²,

Sani³

2015

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation

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A B S T R A C TNeuroinflammation has been proposed as a strong biological factor underlying the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. A role for dysregulation of the immune system was initially suggested in depressive disorders and subsequently extended to other illnesses, including bipolar disorder (BD). Indeed, there is growing evidence confirming the presence of a generalized pro-inflammatory state in BD patients, involving alterations in cytokine, acute-phase proteins, and complement factor secretion, white blood cell differentiation, microglial activation, arachidonic acid signaling pathways, and increased oxidative stress markers. Medications commonly used to treat BD, such as lithium, antiepileptics and antipsychotics, show some immunoregulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of our study was to review the role of different inflammatory mechanisms, specifically in the development of excitatory symptoms, via a systematic PubMed search of the literature. Despite the high variability of results among studies, we found evidence indicating specific alterations of the inflammatory response during manic and mixed states of BD. These findings may help to clarify some of the complex mechanisms underlying the development of excitatory symptoms and suggest a potential role for drugs targeting the inflammatory system as new therapeutic options.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%