Hypomagnesaemia in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria

Jc, Pickup; Gd, Chusney; Ma, Caihong; Gc, Viberti

doi:10.1007/bf00403385

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2 IDDM subjects with microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria have been found to have hypomagnesaemia which has been implicated to increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in such patients. 28 Magnesium levels in our study did not differ significantly between NIDDM and control subjects. Resnick et al reported intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in NIDDM patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Zargar

Shah

Masoodi

et al. 1998

Postgraduate Medical Journal

152

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SummaryA relationship has been reported between trace elements and diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the role of such a relationship in 83 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (40 men and 43 women), with a mean duration of diabetes of 3.9 ± 3.6 years. Patients with nephropathy were excluded. Thirty healthy nondiabetic subjects were studied for comparative analysis. Subjects were subdivided into obese and non-obese. Diabetic subjects were also subdivided into controlied and uncontrolled groups; control was based on fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine levels. Plasma copper, zinc and magnesium levels were analysed using a GBC 902 double beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Plasma zinc and magnesium levels were comparable between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, while copper levels were significantly elevated (p<0.01) in diabetic patients. Age, sex, duration and control of diabetes did not influence copper, zinc, or magnesium concentrations. We conclude that zinc and magnesium levels are not altered in diabetes mellitus, but the increased copper levels found in diabetics in our study may merit further investigation of the relationship between copper and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Zargar

Shah

Masoodi

et al. 1998

Postgraduate Medical Journal

152

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“…In fact, although all diabetic subgroups showed a significant reduction in serum ionized magnesium with respect to controls, circulating ionized magnesium was strongly reduced in patients with microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria when compared to NIDDM subjects with UAER !20 Ìg/min. These findings suggest that incipient or overt diabetic nephropathy could worsen renal magnesium handling, contributing to the pathogenesis of magnesium depletion in diabetics, and the evaluation of serum-free magnesium concentrations seems to be able to reveal a difference between patients with and without diabetic nephropathy, which cannot be detected measuring serum total magnesium [10]. Furthermore, circulating ionized magnesium levels have been found to be closely related to intraerythrocyte free magnesium concentrations in patients with NIDDM [23], and a common reduction of intracellular free magnesium has been found in erythrocytes from hypertensive, diabetic and obese patients [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A previous report showed that microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria have no effect on serum total magnesium concentrations [10]. Conversely, a significant reduction in plasma magnesium levels has been found in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria with respect to controls [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Serum Ionized Magnesium Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuria or Clinical Proteinuria

et al. 2000

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Background/Aims: The association between microalbuminuria and magnesium depletion is a controversial issue, and serum ionized magnesium levels have not been previously studied in patients with different grades of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate circulating ionized magnesium concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and incipient or overt diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We measured fasting plasma glucose, creatinine, creatinine clearance estimate, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and serum ionized magnesium (ion-selective electrodes, ISE) in 30 NIDDM patients with urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) <20 μg/min (normoalbuminuria), 30 NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria (20 < UAER < 200 μg/min), 30 NIDDM patients with clinical proteinuria (UAER >200 μg/min), and 20 healthy subjects. Results: Serum ionized magnesium levels were significantly reduced in diabetic patients when compared to control subjects (0.39 ± 0.06 vs. 0.58 ± 0.05 mmol/l, p < 0.001). Moreover, diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria showed a significant decrease in serum ionized magnesium with respect to normoalbuminuria group (normoalbuminuria: 0.45 ± 0.02 mmol/l; microalbuminuria: 0.36 ± 0.05 mmol/l, p < 0.001; clinical proteinuria: 0.35 ± 0.04 mmol/l, p < 0.001). Serum ionized magnesium showed a significant negative correlation with plasma HbA1c and triglycerides in both microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that circulating ionized magnesium levels decrease together with the increase of plasma HbA1c and triglycerides in NIDDM patients with incipient or overt nephropathy, also after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypoglycemic therapy, plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance, plasma cholesterol and fasting glucose. Conclusions: Microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria, as well as poor glycometabolic control and hypertriglyceridemia, are associated to relevant alterations in magnesium metabolism, and the measurement of serum ionized magnesium seems to represent a useful biochemical tool for the study of magnesium disturbances in patients with different grades of diabetic nephropathy.

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“…12,13 Magnesium is an electrolyte of physiological importance, which is the 4 th most abundant cation in human body, 2 nd most abundant intracellular ion, and the most abundant intracellular divalent cation. 14 .7% incidence of hypomagnesaemia has been reported among diabetics [15][16][17][18][19] and an inverse relationship between dietary magnesium consumption and incidence of DM has been reported. 20 Contradicting reports of association of serum lipids and magnesium 21,22 and the role of magnesium in the development of microvascular complications of DM has not been clearly elucidated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Case Control Study Evaluating the Association of Serum Magnesium With Diabetes Mellitus, Its Microvascular Complications and Serum Lipid Profile

Mukker¹,

Narayanan²

2019

jebmh

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BACKGROUNDWe wanted to evaluate the association of serum magnesium with diabetes mellitus and serum lipid profile and its microvascular complications.METHODS 90 participants (30 DM with microvascular complications, 30 DM without microvascular complications and 30 controls) aged 40 to 80 years were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study. Hypertensives, alcoholics, participants with diarrhoea and history of drug use (digoxin, corticosteroids etc.) were excluded. History, physical examination findings, biochemical parameters, ECG findings, nerve conduction study and ophthalmoscopic examination findings were collected. Tests of significance were ANOVA, independent sample 't' test, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTSSignificantly lower serum magnesium was observed among participants with neuropathy (p<0.001), nephropathy (p<0.001) and retinopathy (p<0.001) and among diabetics without family history of DM (p=0.02). No association of ADA glycaemic goal and serum magnesium was observed. Significant association of serum magnesium with TC (p<0.001; OR: 9.5, 95% CI 2.7-33.9), serum LDL (p<0.001; OR: 0.01, 95% CI 0.002-0.1), retinopathy (p=0.03; OR: 0.2, 95% CI 0.04-0.9), nephropathy (p=0.001; OR: 0.1, 95% CI 0.03-0.4) was observed. CONCLUSIONSThere is a linear relationship between duration of DM and serum magnesium, severe hypomagnesaemia among participants with microvascular complications. Participants with hypomagnesaemia had significantly higher blood glucose, urea, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. No association between ADA glycaemic control and serum magnesium was observed. Further studies are required to evaluate the pathophysiological role of magnesium in DM and diabetes dyslipidaemia.Financial or Other, Competing Interest: None.

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Hypomagnesaemia in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Serum Ionized Magnesium Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuria or Clinical Proteinuria

Case Control Study Evaluating the Association of Serum Magnesium With Diabetes Mellitus, Its Microvascular Complications and Serum Lipid Profile

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