Hypolipidemic and Body Fat–Lowering Effects of Giant Embryo Brown Rice (Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami) in High‐Fat‐Fed Mice

Abstract

The effects of giant embryo brown rice Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami, in comparison with that of ordinary normal brown rice, on the body weight and lipid profile in mice under a high‐fat diet condition were investigated. The animals were fed with experimental diets for eight weeks: normal control, high fat (HF), and high fat supplemented with normal brown rice, Seonong 17 rice, or Keunnunjami rice powder. Their body and fat weights, lipid profiles, lipogenic enzyme activities, and adipokine concentrations were determined. Significant differences between the animal groups were analyzed with Tukey's test (P < 0.05). A marked increase in the body weight and fat, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and free fatty acid level were found in HF mice relative to the control group. On the other hand, diet supplementation with rice, particularly the giant embryo rice samples, significantly suppressed this high‐fat‐induced body weight gain and hyperlipidemia via regulation of lipogenesis and adipokine production. Both the Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami exhibited greater hypolipidemic and body fat–lowering effects than the normal brown rice. The results demonstrate that these giant embryo mutants may be beneficial as biomaterials for functional foods with antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects.

Brown Rice Versus White Rice: Nutritional Quality, Potential Health Benefits, Development of Food Products, and Preservation Technologies

“…The antiobesity and cholesterol lowering effects of BR varied depend on rice cultivar, mutant, or variety. For example, two giant embryo BR mutants, namely Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami, showed greater hypolipidemic and body fat lowering effects in mice than those of normal BR, suggesting them as ingredients for making of functional foods with antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects (Chung et al., ).The germination improved the potential antiobesity and cholesterol lowering effects of BR. Diets containing 50% GBR were more effective in the reduction of weight gain and improving lipid parameters, ox‐low‐density lipoprotein, and F2‐isoprostane in hypercholesterolemia‐induced rats than BR; while WR supplemented diets showed a negative effect.…”

“…The concentration of these nutrients and bioactive compounds may vary depending on influences such as rice variety, production environment or geographical origin, and postharvest treatments or processing conditions. The whole BR grain, germinated BR grain (GBR), or their derived extracts and fractions have shown several potential health benefits such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cholesterol lowering effects (Chompoopong et al., ; Chung, Rico, Lee, & Kang, ; Li, Chou, & Shih, ; Lim, Yong, Mohtarrudin, & Loh, ; Masuzaki et al., ; Pang et al., ). Therefore, the objective of this work is to review the last updates in research performed for purposes of evaluating of nutritional quality and potential health benefits of the whole BR to provide recent information to interested researchers and consumers, which may help in promotion of the whole BR consumption as a promising functional food and for its potential contribution to human well‐being.…”

Enhancement of glucose and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats fed with germinated pigmented rice with giant embryo (Oryza sativa L. cv. Keunnunjami)

“…Chung et al (1) recently reported that Keunnunjami rice contains relatively high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids and has strong antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it has been reported that dietary feeding of this pigmented giant embryo rice reduced the body weight and improved the lipid metabolism in high fat diet-fed mice (3).…”

“…It contains high amounts of natural antioxidant compounds and has strong antioxidant capacity (1, 2). A recent investigation on this rice cultivar revealed that it could modulate the lipid metabolism and lower the body fat in high-fat diet-fed mice (3). An instant rice made from a combination of this pigmented giant embryo cultivar and ordinary white rice has also been shown to reduce the lipid levels and body weight in high fat diet-fed mice (4).…”

Antioxidative and antiproliferative activities of ethanol extracts from pigmented giant embryo rice (Oryza sativaL. cv. Keunnunjami) before and after germination

“…Keunnunjami rice is a new blackish-purple pigmented cultivar with a giant embryo that was developed in Korea through conventional breeding. This pigmented rice was reported to contains high levels of antioxidant compounds and exhibit strong anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant properties [ 1 2 3 ]. Pigmented rice varieties, particularly those with dark-colored pericarps such as black and purple rice, are known for their health-promoting effects and functional activities, owing to the high contents of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanins [ 4 5 ].…”