Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypertension: Cushing's syndrome in a patient with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma

Rickman, Trudy; Garmany, Richard; Doherty, Thomas J; Benson, D N; Okusa, Mark D.

doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(01)80134-7

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…), glucocorticoid antagonists (mifepristone) and somatostatin analogs can be also employed for symptom relief. Effectiveness of ketoconazole has been reported with ectopic ACTH production due to SCC of the prostate [11] . Bilateral adrenalectomy with timely substitutive corticoid therapy should be considered in refractory PNHC or preliminarily to anticancer treatments [13] .…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Urological Malignancies

et al. 2009

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Introduction: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) may represent the main clinical problem in cancer patients; however, the knowledge of their clinical aspect remains quite poor among urologists. Objective: To provide urologists with an overview on main clinical aspects of PNS that have been reported to be associated to urological cancers. Methods: Literature search of peer-reviewed papers published by July 2008. Results: All genitourinary tumors can cause a PNS, and renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent urological malignancy involved. Prostate cancer is the second urological tumor associated with PNS which, conversely, are uncommon in bladder cancer and rare in testicular cancer. Tumor neuroendocrine differentiation is involved in most endocrine PNS. Neurologic PNS are very uncommon but may dominate the clinical picture and need a high suspicion index to be recognized. Important advances have been made on radionuclide scan methods in order to detect the primary tumor. The most effective treatment strategy is always represented by the radical therapy of the underlying cancer, but specific therapeutic options are sometimes available. Conclusions: Endocrine PNS are frequently associated with urological cancers, especially renal and prostate carcinoma. PNS have been rarely reported in association with cancers of bladder, urethra and testicle.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Urological Malignancies

et al. 2009

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“…It has been associated with various neuroendocrine tumors, predominantly (bronchial) carcinoid tumors, and SCLC. Ectopic CRH or ACTH secretion in prostate cancer is rare, and only a few cases have been reported in literature [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Clinical symptoms of CS due to ectopic ACTH secretion and the rapidity of onset are in part related to the degree of malignancy of the underlying tumor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectopic ACTH or CRH production by prostate cancer is rare and has been reported in only a few cases in literature [14][15][16][17][18][19]. We describe a patient with ectopic ACTH production associated with (neuroendocrine) prostate cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production by (neuroendocrine) prostate carcinoma

et al. 2008

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Ectopic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion accounts for less than 10% of all causes of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) and is usually associated with neuroendocrine tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with CS due to ectopic ACTH production by small cell carcinoma of the prostate. He presented with severe hypercortisolism and associated symptoms. Plasma neuron specific enolase (NSE) was grossly elevated. Despite performing a laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy, the patient died as a result of sepsis with multi-organ failure. Post-mortem immunohistochemical staining of prostate tumor tissue showed ACTH expression. ACTH staining was also performed in four additional patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary tract without CS. None of these additional cases showed a positive staining for ACTH. Although a rare cause of ectopic ACTH production, neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma should be considered in male patients with Cushing's syndrome, in particular in those with an occult source of ACTH overproduction.

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“…Ectopic CRH, an endocrine regulator, is associated with a growing list of tumors. It has been reported that a few patients with prostate cancer presented CRH secretion (Carey et al 1984, Saeger et al 1993, Rickman et al 2001, and urocortin, one of the CRH family peptides, was expressed in prostate and prostate adenocarcinoma (Arcuri et al 2002). However, the molecular basis of the role of CRH in prostate cancer is not clearly presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate apoptosis via cytosolic calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 and migration in prostate cancer cell RM-1

Jin¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Peripheral corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors (CRHRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that play different roles depending on tissue types. Previously, we discovered the mechanism of CRHR-mediated apoptosis of mouse prostate cancer cell line (RM-1) to be a change of Bcl-2:Bax ratio, and CRH was found to inhibit transforming growth factor b migration of breast cancer cells via CRHRs. In the present study, we investigated cytosolic calcium-dependent phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) bridging CRHR activations and Bcl-2:Bax ratio and the effect of CRHR activation on cell migration. Silencing of cPLA 2 attenuated a CRHR1 agonist, CRH-induced apoptosis, and the decrease of the Bcl-2:Bax ratio, whereas silencing of cPLA 2 aggravated CRHR2 agonist, Urocortin 2 (Ucn2)-inhibited apoptosis, and the increase of the Bcl-2:Bax ratio. CRH in a timeand concentration-dependent manner increased cPLA 2 expression mainly through interleukin 1b (IL1b) upregulation. Ucn2 decreased cPLA 2 expression through neither tumor necrosis factor a nor IL1b. CRH-suppressed decay of cPLA 2 mRNA and Ucn2 merely suppressed its production. Overexpression of CRHR1 or CRHR2 in HEK293 cells correspondingly upregulated or downregulated cPLA 2 expression after CRH or Ucn2 stimulation respectively. In addition, both CRH and Ucn2 induced migration of RM-1 cells. Our observation not only established a relationship between CRHRs and cell migration but also for the first time, to our knowledge, demonstrated that cPLA 2 participates in CRHR1-induced apoptosis and CRHR2-inhibited apoptosis.

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Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypertension: Cushing's syndrome in a patient with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Urological Malignancies

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Urological Malignancies

Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production by (neuroendocrine) prostate carcinoma

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate apoptosis via cytosolic calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 and migration in prostate cancer cell RM-1

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