Hypogonadism in the HIV-Infected Man

Wong, Nicholas; Levy, Miles; Stephenson, Iain

doi:10.1007/s40506-017-0110-3

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…First, a priori , we considered never smoking, lean men without histories of select, common aging-associated comorbidities to be those with typical testosterone levels for healthy men. We did not exclude men with less common, nonaging comorbidities, such as men with HIV who are immunosuppressed and more likely to have lower testosterone [28]. Second, we noted small numbers of men in the two analytic populations who had serum testosterone concentrations that were near the limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL ( e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationally Representative Estimates of Serum Testosterone Concentration in Never-Smoking, Lean Men Without Aging-Associated Comorbidities

Platz

Barber

Chadid

et al. 2019

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Context Testosterone deficiency prevalence increases with age, comorbidities, and obesity. Objective To inform clinical guidelines for testosterone deficiency management and development of targets for nonpharmacologic intervention trials for these men, we determined serum testosterone in never-smoking, lean men without select comorbidities in nationally representative surveys. Design, Setting, Participants We used cross-sectional data for never-smoking, lean men ≥20 years without diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, or cancer, without use of hormone-influencing medications, and participated in morning sessions of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (phase I 1988–1991) or continuous NHANES (1999–2004). By age, we determined median total testosterone (ng/mL) measured previously by a Food and Drug Administration-approved immunoassay and median estimated free testosterone concentration. Results In NHANES III, in never-smoking, lean men without comorbidities, median (25th, 75th percentile) testosterone was 4% to 9% higher than all men—20 to 39 years: 6.24 (5.16, 7.51), 40 to 59: 5.37 (3.83, 6.49), and ≥60: 4.61 (4.01, 5.18). In continuous NHANES, in never-smoking, lean men without comorbidities, levels were 13% to 24% higher than all men—20 to 39 years: 6.26 (5.32, 7.27), 40 to 59: 5.86 (4.91, 6.55), and ≥60: 4.22 (3.74, 5.73). In never-smoking, lean men without comorbidities, median estimated free testosterone was similar to (NHANES III) or slightly higher than (continuous NHANES) in all men. Conclusions These nationally representative data document testosterone levels (immunoassay) in never-smoking, lean men without select comorbidities 30 and 15 to 20 years ago. This information can be incorporated into guidelines for testosterone deficiency management and used to develop targets for nonpharmacologic intervention trials for testosterone deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationally Representative Estimates of Serum Testosterone Concentration in Never-Smoking, Lean Men Without Aging-Associated Comorbidities

Platz

Barber

Chadid

et al. 2019

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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“…Furthermore, a study on testicular autopsy reported the gradual destruction of germ cells in extended AIDS survival (Shevchuk, Pigato, Khalife, Armenakas, & Fracchia, 1999). Males who used more advanced immunosuppressants had reduced levels of total serum testosterone, caused by secondary hypogonadism (Gomes, Aragüés, Guerra, Fernandes, & Mascarenhas, 2017), and the latter is one of the significant endocrine disorders causing infertility in men with AIDS (Wong, Levy, & Stephenson, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could SARS‐CoV‐2 affect male fertility?

Vishvkarma

Rajender

2020

Andrologia

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“…These symptoms can occur directly (as said previously due to a tumor) or due to secondary infections that may mimic pituitary apoplexy. 39 There have been many reported cases within literature to demonstrate this. For example, a B cell lymphoma presented with symptoms of pituitary apoplexy.…”

Section: Hiv and Pituitary Apoplexymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…63 Testosterone Decrease in hormone levels. 39 Menopause Women may reach menopause at earlier ages 62 and have worse symptoms. 64…”

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations

Youssef

Sadera

Mital³

et al. 2021

J Lab Physicians

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can have profound impact on the function of the pituitary gland. We have performed an electronic literature search using the following database: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These databases were searched using the keywords HIV, pituitary glands, cancer, pituitary apoplexy, and infertility. HIV can cause hypopituitarism and also can lead to diabetes insipidus. The impact can be slow and insidious, and diagnosis depends on high index of clinical suspicion. The effect on anterior pituitary gland can be associated with growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, premature menopause, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. HIV can cause pituitary apoplexy, and this should be treated as an endocrine emergency. Importantly, HIV can be associated with pituitary lymphoma and pituitary cancer. Therefore, joined management between HIV physicians, clinical biochemists and endocrinologists may help in establishing pituitary dysfunction.

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Hypogonadism in the HIV-Infected Man

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Nationally Representative Estimates of Serum Testosterone Concentration in Never-Smoking, Lean Men Without Aging-Associated Comorbidities

Nationally Representative Estimates of Serum Testosterone Concentration in Never-Smoking, Lean Men Without Aging-Associated Comorbidities

Could SARS‐CoV‐2 affect male fertility?

HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations

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