Hypogene speleogenesis and paragenesis in the Dolomites

Spötl, Christoph; Dublyansky, Yuri; Koltai, Gabriella; Cheng, Hai

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107667

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…( b ) Magnitude of alteration (Δδ 18 O cc − Δδ 13 C cc ). 1 and 2—Provalata Cave (this study); 3 to 8—Hypogene caves in Austria 22 (3—Mitterschneidkar-Durchgangshohle, 4—Entrische Kirche, 5—Stegbachgraben, 6—Obir Caves, 7—Güntherhohle, 8—Marchenhohle); 9—F10 Cave, Dolomites, Italy 23 ; 10—Cupp-Coutunn/Promeszutochnaya, Turkmenistan 14 ; 11 and 12—Hypogene caves in Crimea, Ukraine 20 ; 13 and 14—Movile Cave, Romania 44 , 15—Plavecká jaskyňa, Slovakia 45 ; 16 and 17—Carlsbad Cavern, USA 43 . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…1 , 2 ). The observed shift to lower δ 18 O cc is commonly found in hypogene caves with reported Δδ 18 O ranging from − 15‰ to − 2‰, reflecting interaction with thermal water of predominantly meteoric origin 14 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 43 – 45 (Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…3 ). However, the δ 13 C cc values are commonly reported to be either unchanged or shifted to lower values, with Δδ 13 C from − 12 to + 1‰, due to interaction with fluid with low δ 13 C DIC values (δ 13 C DIC ), reflecting predominantly organic-derived carbon 14 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 43 – 45 (Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies, based on alteration of conventional carbonate stable isotope compositions (expressed as δ 18 O and δ 13 C values) in cave walls, have demonstrated a hypogene origin in the presence or absence of related cave minerals 15 , 20 , 21 . Furthermore, it has been found that alteration halos do not develop in epigene caves 22 and this approach can be used to confirm or dismiss hypogene-related cave origin 23 . The most commonly identified alteration in cave walls is lowering of the bedrock δ 18 O values, as a result of the interaction with low-δ 18 O high-temperature meteoric waters, as well as lowering of bedrock δ 13 C values due to interaction with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with lower δ 13 C values 12 , 14 , 15 , 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined use of conventional and clumped carbonate stable isotopes to identify hydrothermal isotopic alteration in cave walls

Temovski

Rinyu

Futó

et al. 2022

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Alteration of conventional carbonate stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) in cave walls has been shown to be a useful tool to identify cave formation driven by deep-seated processes, i.e., hypogene karstification. If combined with a prior information on the paleowater stable isotope composition, further insights can be obtained on the temperature and the source of the paleowater. Clumped isotope composition (Δ47) of carbonates is an independent measurement of temperature, and if combined with the conventional stable isotopes, can provide information on the paleowater stable isotope composition. On the example of Provalata Cave (N. Macedonia), we apply for the first time, both conventional and clumped stable isotope analysis, and identify two different isotope alteration trends, reflecting two distinct hydrothermal events: an older, hotter one, where isotope alteration was likely related to isotope diffusion, lowering the δ18O values of the carbonate; and a younger one, related to the cave formation by low-temperature CO2-rich thermal waters, with dissolution-reprecipitation as the alteration mechanism, causing decrease in δ18O values, and unexpected increase in δ13C values. The findings are further corroborated by additional insight from optical petrography and cathodoluminescence microscopy, as well as fluid inclusion analysis of secondary calcite crystals related to the cave forming phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Combined use of conventional and clumped carbonate stable isotopes to identify hydrothermal isotopic alteration in cave walls

Temovski

Rinyu

Futó

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Fluid–rock interaction resulting in modifications of the pristine isotope ratios of cave walls is a common phenomenon in hypogene speleogenesis (Plan et al, 2012; Spötl et al, 2021; Temovski et al, 2022). The most commonly observed pattern of isotopic alteration in carbonate rocks is the lowering of the bedrock δ 18 O values near the cave wall because of the interaction with low‐δ 18 O high‐temperature meteoric waters, as well as the lowering of bedrock δ 13 C values due to interaction with dissolved inorganic carbon with lower δ 13 C values (Dublyansky, 1995; Temovski et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal silicification and hypogene dissolution of an exhumed Neoproterozoic carbonate sequence in Brazil: Insights from fluid inclusion microthermometry and silicon‐oxygen isotopes

et al. 2023

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Hypogene dissolution‐precipitation processes strongly affect the petrophysical properties of carbonate rocks and fluid migration pathways in sedimentary basins. In many deep carbonate reservoirs, hypogene cavernous voids are often associated with silicified horizons. The diagenesis of silica in carbonate sequences is still a poorly‐investigated research topic. Studies exploring the complexity of silica dissolution‐precipitation patterns in hypogene cave analogues are therefore fundamental to unravel the diagenetic and speleogenetic processes that may affect this kind of reservoir. In this work, we investigated an exhumed and silicified Neoproterozoic carbonate sequence in Brazil hosting a 1.4 km‐long cave. Quartz mineralization and silicified textures were analyzed with a multidisciplinary approach combining petrography, fluid inclusion microthermometry, silicon‐oxygen stable isotope analyses and U‐Th‐Pb dating of monazite crystals. We found that an early silicification event caused the replacement of the dolostone layers with micro‐crystalline quartz forming chert nodules. This event was likely associated with mixing fluids (ancient Neoproterozoic seawater and hydrothermal solutions sourced from the underlying Mesoproterozoic basement) at relatively low temperatures (ca. 50–100°C) and shallow depth. After the tectonic deformation produced by the Brasiliano orogeny, silica dissolution was promoted by high temperature and alkaline hydrothermal solutions rising from the quartzite basement along deep‐rooted structures. Hypogene hydrothermal alteration promoted the dissolution of the cherty layers and the precipitation of chalcedony and megaquartz. Homogenization temperatures from primary fluid inclusions in megaquartz cement indicate minimum formation temperatures of 165–210°C. Similar temperature estimates (110–200°C) were obtained from the δ30Si and δ18O isotope systematics of quartz precipitated from hydrothermal solutions. The dissolved salts in the fluid inclusions were evaluated as NaCl + CaCl2 from microthermometric data combined with cryogenic Raman spectroscopy, corresponding to salinity ranging between 17 and 25 wt.%. No reliable age constraints for hydrothermal silica dissolution‐precipitation phases were obtained from monazite U‐Th‐Pb dating. However, our results, interpreted in the regional context of the São Francisco Craton, suggest that the Cambrian tectono‐thermal events could have been amongst the possible drivers for this hypogene process in the basin.

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Speleogenesis

2022

Karst Hydrogeology, Geomorphology and Caves

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Hypogene speleogenesis and paragenesis in the Dolomites

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Combined use of conventional and clumped carbonate stable isotopes to identify hydrothermal isotopic alteration in cave walls

Combined use of conventional and clumped carbonate stable isotopes to identify hydrothermal isotopic alteration in cave walls

Hydrothermal silicification and hypogene dissolution of an exhumed Neoproterozoic carbonate sequence in Brazil: Insights from fluid inclusion microthermometry and silicon‐oxygen isotopes

Speleogenesis

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