1993
DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(93)80073-o
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Hypogammaglobulinemia and rheumatic disease

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Cited by 105 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…The present study also found lower concentrations of serum IgG in patients with IMN in comparison to those with LMN, similar to the study of Kuroki et al [39]. It is known that SLE patients present with reduced levels of IgG and the treatment may normalize this situation [41,42]. Thus, because most patients in the LMN group in the present study had undergone immunosuppressive therapy and were in remission, a relative reduction of serum IgG in the IMN group was expected.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 77%
“…The present study also found lower concentrations of serum IgG in patients with IMN in comparison to those with LMN, similar to the study of Kuroki et al [39]. It is known that SLE patients present with reduced levels of IgG and the treatment may normalize this situation [41,42]. Thus, because most patients in the LMN group in the present study had undergone immunosuppressive therapy and were in remission, a relative reduction of serum IgG in the IMN group was expected.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Consistent with these opposing roles, immune responses are diminished as a result of CD28 deficiency (229), whereas CTLA4 deficiency results in exaggerated peripheral T-cell activation and clonal expansion (230,231 (60,79). Interestingly, autoantibody production also occurs in children with CD40L deficiency (237), perhaps because CD40L is required to induce CD95/Fas expression on anergic self-reactive B cells and abort their activation (J. C. Rathmell and C.C.G., unpublished data). IL-2 plays a comparable role in rendering T cells sensitive to elimination through CD95-Fas, and defects in this step may explain the paradoxical shift toward excessive T-cell numbers and autoantibody production in IL-2-deficient or IL2-receptor deficient mice (238)(239)(240), or in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that make an altered form of IL-2 (241).…”
Section: Examples Of Tolerance By Clone Retuningmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Characteristic physical examination findings of XLA are paucity or absence of lymphatic tissue such as tonsils or palpable lymph nodes. Noninfectious complications have been described for XLA, including a higher incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, aseptic polyarthritis, sensorineural hearing loss, and colorectal cancer (12,20,75). Autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease and type I diabetes mellitus have been described for a few patients with XLA, albeit much less frequently than for CVID (15).…”
Section: Primary Antibody Deficiencies Agammaglobulinemiasmentioning
confidence: 99%