Hypocrisy and culture: Failing to practice what you preach receives harsher interpersonal reactions in independent (vs. interdependent) cultures

Effron, Daniel A.; Markus, Hazel Rose; Jackman, Lauren M.; Muramoto, Yukiko; Muluk, Hamdi

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.12.009

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(133 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar findings have been found in management and organizations (Effron, O'Connor, et al, 2018;Palanski & Yammarino, 2007). In a survey of 228 MBA students across 46 nations, the more students remembered a manager's words and deeds as chronically misaligned, they less they trusted the manager (Effron, Markus, et al, 2018). When employees see managers acting in ways inconsistent with their values, employees perform poorly, are absent more often, turn over at higher rates, and express weaker commitment (A. L. Davis & Rothstein, 2006;Dineen et al, 2006;Greenbaum et al, 2015;Kannan-Narasimhan & Lawrence, 2012;Prottas, 2008;Vogelgesang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Addressing Predictions About Principled Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 55%

Commitment and impersonation: A reputation-based theory of principled behavior

Singh¹,

Hoffman²

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Principled behavior seems to defy evolutionary logic. Principled people consistently abide by their principles, ignore tradeoffs or compromises, and pursue the principles for transcendental reasons, such as that they are “right”, decreed by God, or part of an eternal debt to the emperor. Here, we explain principled behavior as a combination of what we call “committed agents” and “impersonators”. Committed agents are individuals whose extreme psychology compels them to never deviate from a maxim and who are especially trustworthy for it. Imitators non-consciously masquerade as committed agents to garner trust. Given that observers can only determine whether a person is genuinely committed on the basis of their behavior, impersonators must appear to never deviate from the maxim, never think about deviating, pursue the maxim for the reason motivating committed agents, and justify ambiguous or compromising decision as conforming to the principle. We use this account to explain key features of principled behavior as well as seemingly unrelated phenomena, including cognitive dissonance, foot-in-the-door effects, moral licensing, sacred values, the expanding moral circle, and beliefs in supernatural punishment. Principled behavior consists of the behavior of rare extreme individuals and strategic attempts by others to pass as them.

show abstract

Section: Addressing Predictions About Principled Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 55%

Commitment and impersonation: A reputation-based theory of principled behavior

Singh¹,

Hoffman²

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Self-construal theory (Markus and Kitayama 1991) proposed that culture-level phenomenon of individualism and collectivism can be "translated" into individual-level phenomenon of independent and interdependent self-construals, respectively. Measures of independent versus interdependent self-construals and individualism versus collectivism have often been treated as interchangeable (e.g., Effron et al 2018;Oyserman et al 2002). Accordingly, Krys, Zelenski and collaborators relied on Singelis' (1994) scale to measure independent and interdependent self-construals, but here we turned to the more differentiated scale of self-construals proposed by Vignoles et al (2016).…”

Section: Reasoning Behind the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Life Satisfaction as a Measure of Societal Happiness is an Individualistic Presumption: Evidence from Fifty Countries

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled.

show abstract

“…Culture and other regional characteristics might influence an individual's judgements about hypocrisy. In terms of hypocrisy, according to Effron, Markus, Jackman, Muramoto, and Muluk (2018) more interdependent, collectivist societies place greater emphasis the subordination of personal interests and are therefore more accustomed to behavior changes based upon context. In this situation, behavior which is inconsistent with past claims might generate less cognitive dissonance and may subsequently be viewed as less hypocritical.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSR commitments, perceptions of hypocrisy, and recovery

Smith

Rhiney

2020

Int J Corporate Soc Responsibility

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines perceived hypocrisy when a failure is aligned with prior social performance. It is hypothesized that commitment to a CSR domain creates greater performance expectations thus exacerbating the effects when an aligned failure occurs. Study 1 demonstrates that failure alignment and severity increase perceived hypocrisy which negatively impacts customer evaluations of trust, repurchase intent, and brand attitude. Study 2 evaluates two response strategies of apology and compensation vs. no response. An apology significantly reduced perceptions of hypocrisy only when the failure was unaligned with prior CSR. Compensation significantly reduced hypocrisy in both the unaligned and aligned conditions.

show abstract

Hypocrisy and culture: Failing to practice what you preach receives harsher interpersonal reactions in independent (vs. interdependent) cultures

Abstract: Hypocrisy and culture: failing to practice what you preach receives harsher interpersonal reactions in independent (vs. interdependent) cultures.

Cited by 46 publications

References 97 publications

Commitment and impersonation: A reputation-based theory of principled behavior

Commitment and impersonation: A reputation-based theory of principled behavior

Personal Life Satisfaction as a Measure of Societal Happiness is an Individualistic Presumption: Evidence from Fifty Countries

CSR commitments, perceptions of hypocrisy, and recovery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About