Hypocalcaemia and calcium intake in pregnancy: A research protocol for critical analysis of risk factors, maternofoetal outcomes and evaluation of diagnostic methods in a third-category health facility, Cameroon

Ajong, Atem Bethel; Ali, Innocent Mbulli; Yakum, Martin Ndinakie; Aljerf, Loai; Telefo, Phélix Bruno

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241812

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In the causes of hyponatremia, extrarenal sodium losses such as diarrhoea, vomiting, pancreatitis; renal sodium losses caused by diuretic use, Addison's disease, salt-losing nephropathy; and increases in extracellular fluid volume such as congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute-chronic renal failure, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome are the most common ones [11] [5] . Apart from these most common causes, researchers proposed that other factors might play a role in the development of hyponatremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyponatremia: Is it related to the seasons?

Altuntaş¹

2021

J Med Biochemistry

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Objectıve: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in inpatients and related with morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between incidence of hyponatremia among patients hospitalized in our nephrology department and the seasons. Material and Methods: Inpatients in our Nephrology Department between 2012-2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with serum sodium levels below 135 mEq / L were included in the study. Hyponatremia incidence was calculated as the proportion of inpatients with low sodium levels in a season to total number of inpatients in the same season. Results: Out of 1950 inpatients in four-years period, 509 were found to have hyponatremia (26.1%). Mean serum sodium level of the patients was 129.7±4.7 mEq/L. Hyponatremia incidences in autumn, winter, spring and summer were found to be 28.7%, 15.4%, 20.4% and 36.6% respectively. Comparing the incidence of hyponatremia in patients hospitalized in winter and summer seasons, there was a significantly higher incidence of hyponatremia in summer (p <0.001). We found a positive correlation between hyponatremia incidence and temperature (r = 0.867, p = 0.001). However, there was a negative correlation between hyponatremia incidence and relative humidity (r =-0.735, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The highest hyponatremia incidence was observed in summer in four-year period. Loss of sodium by perspiration along with increased temperature and/or excessive hypotonic fluid intake might contribute to development of hyponatremia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyponatremia: Is it related to the seasons?

Altuntaş¹

2021

J Med Biochemistry

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“…The methods approved for obtaining the data have been published in PLoS One [ 16 ]. They have been summarised below with highlights of the sections used to obtain data for this work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eligible participants were all pregnant women received at the antenatal care unit of the maternity of the four health facilities in late pregnancy (at least at 37 weeks of gestation) [ 16 ]. Contrary to the information presented on the protocol, which planned to recruit only apparently healthy women with no potential causes of hypocalcaemia, this project recruited all apparently healthy pregnant women to report a general prevalence of hypocalcaemia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to the information presented on the protocol, which planned to recruit only apparently healthy women with no potential causes of hypocalcaemia, this project recruited all apparently healthy pregnant women to report a general prevalence of hypocalcaemia. The minimum required sample size stated in the protocol was 1067 participants, and participants were consecutively included [ 16 ] in the study as they arrived at the maternity of these health facilities. Recruitment stopped when the required sample size was reached, and non-response cases were replaced.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All blood samples were collected on seated participants after breathing calmly for 10 minutes, with no prior physical exercise. During this procedure, tourniquets were applied only for less than 1 minute, arm exercise and fist formation were discouraged [ 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionised and total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy: An analysis of prevalence and risk factors in a resource-limited setting, Cameroon

et al. 2022

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Introduction Hypocalcaemia remains a prevalent laboratory finding in pregnancy, capable of inducing adverse maternofoetal outcomes. This study compares the prevalence of hypocalcaemia in apparently healthy pregnant women from the ionised, and total calcaemia viewpoints and further identifies factors associated with total crude and ionised hypocalcaemia in pregnancy. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and September 2021, targeting apparently healthy pregnant women received in late pregnancy in four maternities in the Nkongsamba Health District, Cameroon. Blood samples were collected and analysed for serum ionised calcium concentrations and pH (by ion-selective electrode potentiometry), and for total calcium and albumin concentration (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry). Sociodemographic, obstetric and nutritional data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results The average age of the 1074 participants included in the study was 28.20±6.08 years. The prevalence of total crude and total albumin-corrected hypocalcaemia in this study was 61.64 [58.69–64.50]% and 56.70 [53.72–59.64]%, respectively (p-value = 0.000). The prevalence of ionised hypocalcaemia was very low (2.89 [2.04–4.07]%) compared with the prevalence of total hypocalcaemia (p-value = 0.000). Monthly income below 100.000FCFA (179 USD) (AOR = 0.73, p-value = 0.024), taking more than 2 meals daily (AOR = 0.68, p-value = 0.006) and taking desserts (AOR = 0.73, p-value = 0.046) reduced the odds of total crude hypocalcaemia, while having banana/plantain and tubers as the content of their most consumed meal significantly increased the odds of total crude hypocalcaemia (AOR = 1.37, p-value = 0.012). Single women (AOR = 2.54, p-value = 0.021), with a higher education (AOR = 3.27, p-value = 0.017), who initiated antenatal care before 4 months (AOR = 2.47, p-value = 0.029), had their odds of ionised hypocalcaemia significantly increased. On the other hand, women below 30 years (AOR = 0.44, p-value = 0.039), with occupations other than housewife (AOR = 0.34, p-value = 0.027), and women who took desserts between meals (AOR = 0.45, p-value = 0.034) had their odds of ionised hypocalcaemia significantly reduced. Taking calcium supplements simultaneously with other supplements also significantly reduced the odds of total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy (OR = 0.69, p-value = 0.027). Conclusion Ionised hypocalcaemia in pregnancy is a rare finding. Only 2.89% of all apparently healthy pregnant women have ionised hypocalcaemia in late pregnancy, while 56.70% have total hypocalcaemia. Factors like the daily number of meals, taking of desserts, the content of the most consumed meal and monthly revenue significantly affect the prevalence of total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy. On the other hand, factors like age above 30 years, having a higher education, being single, having initiated antenatal care before 4 months of pregnancy, being a housewife and not taking desserts between meals have a significantly positive association with ionised hypocalcaemia.

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Recurring food source‐based Listeria outbreaks in the United States: An unsolved puzzle of concern?

Mohapatra,

Mishra,

Tuglo

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Recurring Listeria outbreaks in the United States is a growing public healthcare concern. Although no associated reported death, 17 were hospitalized out of the 18 reported illnesses in the recent outbreak in 15 US states. The United States has experienced about 30 Listeria outbreaks in the last decade with 524 Listeriosis cases and 80 deaths. The identified origin were ice cream, leafy greens, mushroom, meat slice, dairy products like cheese, packaged salads, cooked chicken, hard‐boiled egg, pork product, frozen vegetable, raw milk, packaged caramel apple, bean sprout and soya products. Although rare, Listeria may lead to serious illness (invasive listeriosis) or death. Listeriosis is critically harmful and medically complicated, especially in the pregnant, the old above 65 years and in the immunocompromised. It could cause premature birth, miscarriage or even neonatal death. Hospitalization is often necessary in the geriatric, being fatal at times. Among Listeria sp., Listeria monocytogenes is often human infection‐associated. It is a gram‐positive, non‐sporulating, motile bacillus opportunistic pathogen. Food‐borne listeriosis is often associated with frozen foods due to its ability to thrive at low temperatures. Hypervirulent strains of L. monocytogenes with an ability to infect the respiratory system (the lungs) was recently reported in the coronavirus disease‐19 patients during the pandemic. L. monocytogenes seemed to have developed antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and meropenem, possibly acquired through the food chain. An early onset of listeriosis in the newborn is evident in the first 7 days postparturition. As the bacteria colonize the genitourinary tract, majority of such cases result from teratogenic transfer during vaginal delivery. Premature newborns, neonates born outside healthcare facilities and low‐birth‐weight babies were increasingly predisposed to an early onset of listeriosis. Listeria outbreaks were earlier reported in South Africa, Australia and Europe, with an unclear origin of the outbreaks. Social media updates about such outbreaks, the most likely food source, and measures to self‐protect are suggested as preventive measures. The article deals on various such aspects related to listeriosis primarily originating from food, to ensure better public healthcare and human wellness.

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Hypocalcaemia and calcium intake in pregnancy: A research protocol for critical analysis of risk factors, maternofoetal outcomes and evaluation of diagnostic methods in a third-category health facility, Cameroon

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Hyponatremia: Is it related to the seasons?

Hyponatremia: Is it related to the seasons?

Ionised and total hypocalcaemia in pregnancy: An analysis of prevalence and risk factors in a resource-limited setting, Cameroon

Recurring food source‐based Listeria outbreaks in the United States: An unsolved puzzle of concern?

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