Hypnotizability Norms may not be Representative of the General Population: Potential Sample and Self-Selection Bias Considerations

Peter, Burkhard; Roberts, R Lynae

doi:10.1080/00207144.2021.2003694

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…On the contrary, only very few were low hypnotizable, but most were medium and high hypnotizable ( Figure 4 ). This suggests that the normalization data of the hypnotizability scales may not be representative of the general population, as already claimed by Peter and Roberts (2022) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Personality Styles of Dentists Practicing Hypnosis Confirm the Existence of the Homo Hypnoticus

2022

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Several publications with healthcare professionals, such as psychotherapists, have shown a significant difference in personality styles in practitioners using hypnosis compared to those not using hypnosis. To investigate differences in personality styles, dentists were contacted to participate in a personality-inventory [Personality Style and Disorder Inventory (PSDI)] online survey. Dentists using hypnosis (HYP DGZH) (n = 418) were compared to dentists not using hypnosis (NONHYP DENT) (n = 162). Results show that hypnosis-practicing dentists score significantly higher in the intuitive/schizotypal ST personality style (p < 0.001) compared to non-hypnosis-practicing dentists. Female dentists scored significantly higher in intuitive/schizotypal ST and unselfish/self-sacrificing SL in the HYP DGZH sample but only in unselfish/self-sacrificing SL in the NONHYP DENT sample. The percentage of women was similar in both samples (68.2%; 67.3%). Intuitive/schizotypal ST was found to be the predominant personality style of men who are interested in or use hypnosis, metaphorically so-called “homo hypnoticus.” Within the limitations of this cross-sectional non-interventional observational online-questionnaire study, results expand this notion to the so-called “homo hypnoticus dentalis.” However, further research on the subject is needed to investigate and confirm this personality type in other than the German-speaking DACH countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Personality Styles of Dentists Practicing Hypnosis Confirm the Existence of the Homo Hypnoticus

2022

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“…It is a personal characteristic that remains stable over the lifespan ( Morgan et al, 1974 ). Whether the normal distribution (10–25% highly hypnotizable, 10–25% low hypnotizable and the rest more or less hypnotizable) found in numerous studies, predominantly on student populations, is representative of the general population has yet to be proven ( Peter and Roberts, 2022 ). For example, when using a shortened version of the HGSHS-5:G ( Riegel et al, 2021 ), which comprises only 5 instead of the 12 items of the HGSHS:A ( Shor and Orne, 1962 ) and thus appears to be significantly shorter and much more suitable for clinical studies, skewed score distributions were observed: a right skew (more high hypnotizables) in participants of a hypnosis congress ( Wolf et al, 2022 ), and a left skew (fewer high hypnotizables) in patients.…”

Section: Hypnosis In Psychotherapy and Psychosomaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine. A brief overview

Peter

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Aspects of hypnosis and its application in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine are examined and contextualized in the 250-year history of hypnosis. Imagination as an essential element of hypnotic treatments appeared as early as 1784 as an argument rejecting the theory of animal magnetism of Franz Anton Mesmer. In somnambulism of German romanticism, another proto-form of hypnosis after 1800, concepts of the mind–body problem were dealt with, which still characterize the understanding of unconscious mental processes today. Hypnosis was at the beginning of psychoanalysis, but was not pursued further by Sigmund Freud from 1900 onwards. Nevertheless, there were some hypnoanalytical approaches in the 20th century, as well as attempts to integrate hypnosis into behavior therapy. Techniques of imagination and relaxation combine both; in particular findings from cognitive psychology explain processes of both hypnosis and cognitive behavioral therapy. The influence of social psychology brought a new perspective to the debate about the nature of hypnosis, which continues to this day: is hypnosis to be understood as a special state of consciousness or is it a completely normal, mundane interaction? The experiments that were carried out to support one side or the other were also dependent on the hypnotizability of the subjects involved, as the more difficult hypnotic phenomena such as paralysis, hallucinations or identity delusions can only be demonstrated by highly hypnotizable subjects. The fact that these are not mere compliance reactions has now been proven by many studies using imaging techniques. But even those who are moderately hypnotizable benefit from hypnosis rituals. Variables postulated by socio-cognitive hypnosis researchers, such as motivation and expectation, are relevant, as is a good “hypnotic rapport.” Practical application of hypnotherapy today is characterized by the innovative techniques and strategies developed by Milton H. Erickson. Research into the effectiveness of hypnosis in the field of psychotherapy and psychosomatics still leaves much to be done. The situation is different in the field of medical hypnosis, where there are considerably more studies with a satisfactory design and verifiable effects. However, the impact in practical application in everyday medical practice is still low. Newer developments such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence are being looked at with critical interest.

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Eine kurze Geschichte von Hypnose und Hypnotherapie

Peter

2023

Psychotherapie: Praxis

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Hypnotizability Norms may not be Representative of the General Population: Potential Sample and Self-Selection Bias Considerations

Cited by 9 publications

References 80 publications

Personality Styles of Dentists Practicing Hypnosis Confirm the Existence of the Homo Hypnoticus

Personality Styles of Dentists Practicing Hypnosis Confirm the Existence of the Homo Hypnoticus

Hypnosis in psychotherapy, psychosomatics and medicine. A brief overview

Eine kurze Geschichte von Hypnose und Hypnotherapie

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