Hypnotically induced dreams using the Rorschach inkblots as stimuli: A test of Freud's theory of dreams.

Hypnosis and the dream hidden observer: Primary process and demand characteristics.

“…Nevertheless, our findings provide at least qualified support for Nash's (1991) psychoanalytic model inasmuch as hypnotizable-simulating differences in primary-process mentation did emerge in response to the hypnotic dream suggestion. Our data are consistent with studies indicating that high hypnotizable subjects exhibit primary-process ideation in response to tasks that are conducive to or prime primary-process ideation (e.g., hypnotic dreaming in response to a Rorschach stimulus [Wiseman & Reyher, 1973]; listening to an affect-laden poem [Hammer, Walker, & Diment, 1978]). Future research that (like our research) compares different tasks with much different demands will be necessary to determine the range of stimuli that prime primary-process thinking and best differentiate between hypnotizable and simulating subjects.…”

“…Nash's (1991) recent review of the literature on primary process concluded that substantial evidence suggests that hypnosis involves a shift to more “nonlogical, symbolic, imagistic, and primary-process mentation” (p. 180). Of the studies Nash reviewed, only one (Wiseman & Reyher, 1973) involved a hypnotic dream combined with a simulation control group. Wiseman and Reyher used a Rorschach card as a hypnotic dream stimulus and found that more primary-process mentation in response to the Rorschach stimulus was expressed by hypnotic subjects relative to both nonhypnotized and simulating subjects.…”

Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic models of hypnoanalysis.

“…Research indicates that fantasy, imagery, and imaginative involvement are modestly correlated with hypnotizability (see J. R. Hilgard, 1970;Kirsch & Council, 1992;Lynn and Rhue, 1988;Roche & McConkey, 1990), although the relationship may be partly moderated by expectations and situational influences (see Kirsch & Council, 1992). However, several studies (Hammer, Walker, & Diment, 1978;Wiseman & Reyher, 1973) have suggested that increased primary process mentation cannot be fully accounted for in terms of compliance with role demands.…”

Alpha rhythm during three conditions of visual imagery and emergent uncovering psychotherapy: The critical role of anxiety.

“…Requests for reprints should be sent to Howard Morishige, who is now at Mid-Columbia Mental Health Center, 1175 Gribble, Richland, Washington 99352. physiological manifestation of the anxiety implicit in the manifest content of dreams. According to Freud, the neutral day residue, the manifest content, assumes anxiety-producing properties because of its association (cathexis) with the latent content (Wiseman & Reyher, 1973).…”

“…It appears that visual images are readily shaped by repressed material whether this be nocturnal dreams (Reyher & Morishige, 1969), hypnotically induced dreams (Wiseman & Reyher, 1973), or free imagery (Reyher, 1963;Reyher & Smeltzer, 1968). The primary purposes of the present investigation were (a) to verify our earlier finding that visual imagery per se does not desynchronize the alpha rhythm, (b) to determine if the revisualization of a nocturnal dream is desynchronizing to a degree beyond that which is expected by the request to revisualize a dream, and (c) to demonstrate that hot images are produced by the repressed aims and objects of drives.…”