Hypnotic Responsivity and the Treatment of Flying Phobia

Spiegel, David; Maruffi, Brian; Frischholz, Edward J.; Spiegel, Holger

doi:10.1080/00029157.1981.10404028

Cited by 41 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While some have criticized the HIP as a tool for screening individuals with high and low hypnotizability, interrater reliability ranges between .68–76, 71–73 , and scores on the HIP are moderately and significantly correlated with scores on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS) at the same level that any one item on the SHSS is with the overall score. 74 75 76 Further, HIP scores are significantly higher among those with post-traumatic stress disorder 77 78 79 , and pseudoepilepsy 80 , significantly lower among those with schizophrenia 73 81 82 , are positively associated with the trait of absorption 59 , and they predict outcome of hypnotic treatment for smoking control 83 and flying phobia. 84 Second, we examined resting state differences without behavioral measures, so we have no evidence regarding the effect of hypnotic induction or specific tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability

Hoeft¹,

Gabrieli²,

Whitfield-Gabrieli³

et al. 2012

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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122

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Context Focused hypnotic concentration is a model for brain control over sensation and behavior. Pain and anxiety can be effectively alleviated by hypnotic suggestion, which modulates activity in brain regions associated with focused attention, but the specific neural network underlying this phenomenon is not known. Objective The main goal of the study was to investigate the brain basis of hypnotizability. Design Cross sectional, in-vivo neuroimaging study. Setting Academic medical center at Stanford University School of Medicine. Patients 12 adults with high and 12 adults with low hypnotizability. Main Outcome Measures (1) functional MRI (fMRI) to measure functional connectivity networks at rest including default-mode, salience and executive-control networks, (2) structural T1 MRI to measure regional grey and white matter volumes, and (3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure white matter microstructural integrity. Results High-compared to low-hypnotizable individuals showed greater functional connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an executive-control region of the brain, and the salience network composed of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula, amygdala, and ventral striatum, involved in detecting, integrating, and filtering relevant somatic, autonomic, and emotional information, using independent component analysis (ICA). Seed based analysis confirmed elevated functional coupling between the dACC and the DLPFC in high, compared to low, hypnotizables. These functional differences were not due to variation in brain structure in these regions, including regional grey and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure. Conclusions Our results provide novel evidence that altered functional connectivity in DLPFC and dACC may underlie hypnotizability. Future studies focusing on how these functional networks change and interact during hypnosis are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability

Hoeft¹,

Gabrieli²,

Whitfield-Gabrieli³

et al. 2012

Arch Gen Psychiatry

Self Cite

122

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“…Three studies (Frischholz, Spiegel, Spiegel, Balma, & Markell, 1982; D. Spiegel, Frischholz, Maruffi, & Spiegel, 1981;Owens, Bliss, Koester, & Jeppsen, 1990) found phobics not to be higher in hypnotizability than the general population or other psychiatric groups. D. Spiegel et al (1981) found no such relationship in a group of flying phobics, an environmentally based phobia, and concluded that a major confound of previous studies was a lack of control for age differences between phobia and comparison groups. Frischholz et al (1982) found no relationships within various kinds of phobic groups, but their Ns were quite small.…”

Section: Relationships Between Hypnotizability and Phobia Presencementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a population of 178 consecutive flying phobia patients, D. Spiegel et al (1981) found that "hypnotizable patients were over two and one half times more likely to report some positive impact than those who were found to be nonhypnotizable" when treated in a single 45-minute session involving hypnosis and a problem restructuring strategy. In a related anxiety group of panickers treated in a Hungarian psychiatric clinic, those patients who demonstrated substantial improvements with nonhypnotic treatments were significantly more hypnotizable than those who demonstrated little or no improvement (Kopp, Skrabski, Mihaly, Buza, & Ratkoczi, 1988).…”

Section: Relationships Between Hypnotizability and Therapeutic Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis.

Crawford

Barabasz

1993

Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis.

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Most clinical and experimental psychologists have been acquaintedwith clients, students, or research subjects who have described irrational and debilitating fears of specific stimuli or situations. An understanding of phobias, both their etiology and maintenance, and the role of hypnosis in their treatment should help facilitate appropriate referrals and increase the probability of successful outcomes.Several treatment approaches have been shown to be effective. This chapter concentrates on the use of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias as an adjunct to cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, insight therapy, and other approaches. We will review experimental research that finds that the effectiveness of hypnosis in the treatment of phobias seems to be related to the often high hypnotic responsivity of phobics and their unusual capacity for imagery vividness, focused attention, and flexibility in information-We Erently appreciate the insightful comments and suggestions made hy Thornaa Ollendick and Fred Frankel to an earlier version of t h s chapter.

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“…This is designed to enhance the patient's sense of control over the situation, seeing their role in choosing the flight, while maintaining a physical sense of comfort, and putting their fears of a crash into perspective. In a large case series ( N = 174), we found that 52% of phobics taught this self‐hypnosis exercise in a single session were either improved or cured . Similar approaches can be used for people with animal phobias and other simple phobias.…”

Section: Phobiasmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In a large case series (N = 174), we found that 52% of phobics taught this self-hypnosis exercise in a single session were either improved or cured. [66] Similar approaches can be used for people with animal phobias and other simple phobias. The special advantage of self-hypnosis is that patients can be taught a skill they can practice and utilize in preparation for and during the feared situation.…”

Section: Phobiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tranceformations: Hypnosis in Brain and Body

Spiegel

2013

Depress Anxiety

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In this review, the role of hypnosis and related psychotherapeutic techniques are discussed in relation to the anxiety disorders. In particular, anxiety is addressed as a special form of mind/body problem involving reverberating interaction between mental and physical distress. The history of hypnosis as a therapeutic discipline is reviewed, after which neurobiological evidence of the effect of hypnosis on modulation of perception in the brain. Specific brain regions involved in hypnosis are reviewed, notably the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The importance of hypnotizability as a trait, stable variability in hypnotic responsiveness, is discussed. Analogies between the hypnotic state and dissociative reactions to trauma are presented, and the uses of hypnosis in treating posttraumatic stress disorder, stressful situations, and phobias as well as outcome data are reviewed. Effects of hypnosis on control of somatic processes are discussed, and then effects of psychosocial support involving Supportive-Expressive Group Therapy and hypnosis on survival time for cancer patients are evaluated. The evidence indicates an important role for hypnosis in managing anxiety disorders and anxiety related to medical illness.

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Hypnotic Responsivity and the Treatment of Flying Phobia

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability

Functional Brain Basis of Hypnotizability

Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis.

Tranceformations: Hypnosis in Brain and Body

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