Hypnosis in Sport: An Isomorphic Model

Abstract

Hypnosis in sport can be applied according to an Isomorphic Model. Active-alert hypnosis is induced before or during practice whereas traditional hypnosis is induced after practice to establish connections between the two experiences. The fundamental goals are to (a) develop mental skills important to both motor and hypnotic performance, (b) supply a wide range of motor and hypnotic bodily experiences important to performance, and (c) induce alert hypnosis before or during performance. The model is based on the assumption that hypnosis and motor performance share common skills modifiable through training. Similarities between hypnosis and peak performance in the model are also considered. Some predictions are important from theoretical and practical points of view.

The Application of Transactional Analysis to Sports Psychology

“…In mental coaching, special attention is paid to goal setting, with preference given to goals focused on performance rather than results. Robazza, Bortoli, and Gramaccioni (1994) wrote that performance goals lead to an increase in ability and the development of skills that are more flexible and controllable by the athlete as compared to result goals, which can trigger expectations and anxiety. In fact, when importance is assigned only to winning or to a certain ranking, it often gives rise to unrealistic expectations.…”

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“…It is also put forward that with active alert hypnosis some physiological parameters are affected before and during the study. (Robbozza, 1994).…”

“…Effects of active stimuli through hypnosis are examined before and during the study. Traditional hypnosis is used to reveal the relation between two experiences (Robbozza, 1994). Main targets are said to be as follows: to improve cerebral skills which are important both for motor and hypnotic performance, to achieve variance of motor and hypnotic physical experiences which are necessary for performance, to commonize hypnosis that is performed before or during performance for alertness and to form infusion models according to personal attributes.…”

“…Main targets are said to be as follows: to improve cerebral skills which are important both for motor and hypnotic performance, to achieve variance of motor and hypnotic physical experiences which are necessary for performance, to commonize hypnosis that is performed before or during performance for alertness and to form infusion models according to personal attributes. Model hypnosis and motor performance are based on the changeable skill sharing doctrine which was known throughout the study ( Robbozza, 1994;Robbozza, 1995).…”