Hyphenating Atomic Force Microscopy

Eifert, Alexander; Kranz, Christine

doi:10.1021/ac5008128

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…More advanced electrochemical methods, however, require longer exposition of a fresh HOPG surface to ambient air during the assembly of an electrochemical cell or even during the whole measurement. 10−13 Adventitious contamination has been considered as the cause of the heterogeneous electroactivity of the HOPG basal plane 14 and graphene/graphite flakes 15 as revealed by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) 16,17 combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM). 18 In these SECM−AFM studies, a submicrometer-sized electrode was fabricated at the tip of an AFM cantilever to image the electrochemical reactivity of graphitic surfaces as well as their topography and conductivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Organic Contamination of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite As Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

et al. 2015

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Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is an important electrode material as a structural model of graphitic nanocarbons such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. Here, we apply scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to demonstrate quantitatively that the electroactivity of the HOPG basal surface can be significantly lowered by the adsorption of adventitious organic impurities from both ultrapure water and ambient air. An SECM approach curve of (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium (FcTMA(+)) shows the higher electrochemical reactivity of the HOPG surface as the aqueous concentration of organic impurities, i.e., total organic carbon (TOC), is decreased from ∼20 to ∼1 ppb. SECM-based nanogap voltammetry in ∼1 ppb-TOC water yields unprecedentedly high standard electron-transfer rate constants, k(0), of ≥17 and ≥13 cm/s for the oxidation and reduction of the FcTMA(2+/+) couple, respectively, at the respective tip-HOPG distances of 36 and 45 nm. Anomalously, k(0) values and nanogap widths are different between the oxidation and reduction of the same redox couple at the same tip position, which is ascribed to the presence of an airborne contaminant layer on the HOPG surface in the noncontaminating water. This hydrophobic layer is more permeable to FcTMA(+) with less charge than its oxidized form so that the oxidation of FcTMA(+) at the HOPG surface results in the higher tip current and, subsequently, apparently narrower gap and higher k(0). Mechanistically, we propose that HOPG adsorbs organic impurities mainly from ambient air and then additionally from ∼20 ppb-TOC water. The latter tightens a monolayer of airborne contaminants to yield lower permeability.

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Organic Contamination of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite As Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, various combinations with other technology, including super-resolution optical microscopy, and Raman and IR spectroscopy have been generating scientifically intriguing results. 86 We expect that AFM force spectroscopy will further expand our knowledge and find use as a single-molecule analytical method in many fields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and Applications of Force Spectroscopy Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Kim

Park

2016

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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Single‐molecule force spectroscopy is a powerful technique for addressing single molecules. Unseen structures and dynamics of molecules have been elucidated using force spectroscopy. Atomic force microscope (AFM)‐based force spectroscopy studies have provided picoNewton force resolution, subnanometer spatial resolution, stiffness of substrates, elasticity of polymers, and thermodynamics and kinetics of single‐molecular interactions. In addition, AFM has enabled mapping the distribution of individual molecules in situ, and the quantification of single molecules has been made possible without modification or labeling. In this review, we describe the basic principles, sample preparation, data analysis, and applications of AFM‐based force spectroscopy and its future.

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“…As has been recently addressed in a critical review on SECM-based multi-functional imaging [35], with the development of hybrid scanning probe microscopy techniques complementary information about the evaluation of a sample is easily and simultaneously obtained. In this regard, concurrent imaging of enzyme activity by detection of enzymatic products during AFM examination of a surface was demonstrated [8,125]. The coupling of these two techniques provides tremendous benefits, allowing nanometre-resolution topographic mapping of the evaluated surface with the concomitant acquisition of electrochemical activity from the enzyme.…”

Section: Sg-tc Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy

2018

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and versatile technique for visualizing the local electrochemical activity of a surface as an ultramicroelectrode tip is moved towards or over a sample of interest using precise positioning systems. In comparison with other scanning probe techniques, SECM not only enables topographical surface mapping but also gathers chemical information with high spatial resolution. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of biological samples, including living cells and immobilized biomacromolecules such as enzymes, antibodies and DNA fragments. Moreover, combinations of SECM with complementary analytical tools broadened its applicability and facilitated multi-functional analysis with extended life science capabilities. The aim of this review is to present a brief topical overview on recent applications of biological SECM, with particular emphasis on important technical improvements of this surface imaging technique, recommended applications and future trends.

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Hyphenating Atomic Force Microscopy

Cited by 26 publications

References 88 publications

Organic Contamination of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite As Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Organic Contamination of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite As Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Principles and Applications of Force Spectroscopy Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy

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