Hyphal Anastomosis and Cytological Aspects of Streptomyces Scabies

Gregory, Kenneth F.

doi:10.1139/m56-077

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hyphal anastomoses were found in Streptomyces scabies when tannic acid crystal violet staining was applied (Gregory 1956). No evidence of hyphal anastomoses, however, was found in the present investigation but balanced heterocaryons do form between two auxotrophic mutants of Streptomyces griseoflavus (Saito 1958).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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The Life-cycle of <i>Streptomyces griseoflavus</i>

Saito

Ikeda

1958

CYTOLOGIA

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Similar studies were carried out with Strepto myces sp. T12 and Streptomyces scabies by Gregory (1956). In this in vestigation it was concluded that the "swollen bodies" did not appear to play a role in the initiation of secondary mycelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Life-cycle of <i>Streptomyces griseoflavus</i>

Saito

Ikeda

1958

CYTOLOGIA

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“…Apparent hyphal anastomoses (Fig. 27), similar to those in Streptomyces described by Gregory (1956) and Davis (1960), were observed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

COMPARISON OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLES OF SOME MEMBERS OF THE GENUS NOCARDIA

Adams

McClung

1962

J Bacteriol

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AND NORVEL M. MCCLUNG. Comparison of the developmental cycles of some members of the genus Nocardia. J. Bacteriol. 84:206-216. 1962.-A staining technique specific for cell walls was used to determine the characteristic development of Nocardia rubra, N. erythropolis, N. asteroides, and N. canicruria comb. nov. When inoculated on a fresh medium, these organisms were observed to germinate, with the production of one or more germ tubes from coccoid, ovoid, and short bacillary cells. Upon continued incubation, the germ tubes elongated to form filaments from which branches could be formed. Two other mechanisms of branching were noted. One was a result of multiple germination of cells and the other a result of single or multiple germination of short chains of cells. Both of these mechanisms lected as typical representatives of morphological 206 on September 28, 2020 by guest http://jb.asm.org/ Downloaded from NOCARDIA DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLES TABLE I. List of organisms studied Organism Received as Source Nocardia rubra Proactinomyces ruber Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn N. erythropolis N. erythropolis Waksman 3407 N. asteroides N. asteroides Emmons 9973 Jensenia canicruria Jensenia canicruria F. A. Clark, who obtained the culture from K. A. Bisset's laboratory

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“…Gregory (1956) suggested that 'initial cells' are not formed, but that the secondary mycelium arises from the primary as the result of physiological rather than nuclear changes. Gregory did, however, describe some indeterminate large structures at the extremities of certain hyphae.…”

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The Interpretation of Certain Morphological Appearances in a Streptomyces sp.

Davis¹

1960

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: Branches of the primary mycelium of a Streptomyces sp. were observed, by phase-contrast microscopy of living material, to form apparent anastomoses.No enlarged structures capable of interpretation as ' initial cells ' were detected.It is suggested that certain of the large ' spore-like bodies ' described by previous workers in studies upon Streptomyces spp. may represent protoplasts.The life cycle proposed by Klieneberger-Nobel (1947) to explain nuclear and cytological appearances in Streptomyces species is briefly as follows. Spore germination by one or more germ tubes produces a slender much branched primary mycelium in and upon the substrate. Cellular fusion between branches of this mycelium, followed by nuclear fusion to yield a diploid 'initial cell', is then proposed to explain the origin of a diploid secondary aerial mycelium, the cytological appearance of which differs considerably from that of the primary mycelium. Spore formation at the extremities of the aerial hyphae is preceded by a nuclear reduction division giving once more haploid spores.An essential feature of this scheme is the fusion of cells and of nuclei in the primary mycelium. As pointed out by Bisset (1955) the details of this process have not been adequately described. The occurrence of cellular fusion, 'initial cells' and nuclear exchange are in fact all subjects of controversy (Davis, 1959).Klieneberger-Nobel (1947) described tangled 'nests ' of primary hyphae and suggested that fusion occurred a t these sites. Carvajal (1946) observed by electron microscopy apparent fusion between hyphae and between young germination tubes in Streptomyces griseus. Nest formation was described by Baldacci, Gilardi & Amici (1956) in the primary mycelium, and Dickenson & MacDonald (1955) claimed to demonstrate fusion in primary mycelium, without nest formation, by electron microscope observations. However, Erikson (1949, 1955) stated that fusion between primary mycelial elements never occurs, and that in fact growing hyphae avoid contact with each other under normal conditions. Gregory (1956) demonstrated apparent hyphal anastomosis by cell-wall staining techniques, although his illustrations do not prove beyond doubt that the cell walls at the point of hyphal contact were broken to form a truly anastomosing system. By using ultra-thin sections Stuart (1959) obtained beautiful photographs of mycelial branching and nuclear arrangements but was unable to detect any signs of anastomosis. These reports, all based upon observations of non-living material, therefore permit a variety of conclusions about the occurrence of cellular fusion.

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Hyphal Anastomosis and Cytological Aspects of Streptomyces Scabies

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

The Life-cycle of <i>Streptomyces griseoflavus</i>

The Life-cycle of <i>Streptomyces griseoflavus</i>

COMPARISON OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLES OF SOME MEMBERS OF THE GENUS NOCARDIA

The Interpretation of Certain Morphological Appearances in a Streptomyces sp.

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