Hypes and hopes on the materials development strategies to produce ammonia at mild conditions

Evolution of Oxygen Vacancy Sites in Ceria-Based High-Entropy Oxides and Their Role in N2 Activation

“…The trend observed in NH 3 production is in agreement with the findings of the 18 O 2 transient isotopic isothermal experiments and the population of the surface O v (discussed later). For study completeness, and to ensure that there is no NH 3 /N 2 impurity that can affect the obtained measurements of our study (overestimate of ammonia production), the above experiments were also run under the same conditions in the absence of N 2 in the feed; no NH 3 production was found, thus confirming the lack of ambiguity in our measurements as per the open literature. , …”

“…In brief, it is reported by Rarog-Pilecka et al that the ammonia synthesis rate increased with the particle size increasing from 0.7 to 4 nm, whereas smaller sizes of Ru crystallites (smaller than 0.7 nm) can be totally inactive; this is linked to the lack of B5 sites. Kim et al reported that double-stepped Ru(109) sites are more active than the stepped Ru(0001) surface. − …”

A Mo–salicylaldehyde-linker (Mo–Tp) based 2D MOF as a single-atom catalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction

“…However, the NRR suffers from incompetence due to the low faradaic efficiencies and competition coming from the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). 3 In a recent review article by our group 4 the design criteria for efficient NRR catalysts have been critically discussed as well as experimental protocols that need to be followed for the validation of the reaction. Part of addressing NRR drawbacks is the investigation of the reaction mechanism with/without engaging isotopic studies and/or computational tools 4 over the most efficiently designed electrocatalysts.…”

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential to become efficient NRR catalysts because they have an active metal site surrounded by built-in tunable organic ligands. 4 Their applications in the NRR have yet to be fully exploited. The flexibility of metal-center variation and control over building block selection allows precision in targeting nitrogen activation in MOFs.…”

Smart three-phase interface heterojunctions for effective photo(electro)catalytic N2 reduction to ammonia

“…1). 7,11,12 In this regard, NRR materials should achieve comparable energy consumption values than industrial ammonia synthesis (3.5 × 10 4 to 5 × 10 4 J g NH 3 −1 ) for widespread implementation. 13 To do so, estimations predict that photoelectrocatalytic NRR with water should reach a faradaic efficiency (FE) over 50% to achieve an overall energy consumption around 1.9 × 10 5 J g NH 3 −1 , while photocatalytic NRR with water should reach a solar-to-ammonia (STA) efficiency of 10% to achieve an overall energy consumption of 2.1 × 10 5 J g NH 3 −1 .…”