Hyperventilation syndrome in childhood

Enzer, Norbert; Walker, Preston A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(67)80035-0

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Symptoms of dysfunctional breathing include dyspnoea with normal lung function, chest tightness, chest pain, deep sighing, exercise-induced breathlessness, frequent yawning and hyperventilation [82]. Hyperventilation or dysfunctional breathing has been reported in childhood [83][84][85][86][87][88], but its prevalence is unknown. There is no accepted gold standard of the diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing beyond the clinical description, but the Nijmegen Questionnaire is a symptom checklist (table 3) that can be used to discriminate dysfunctional breathers from normal individuals in adults [89].…”

Section: Dysfunctional Breathingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities of asthma during childhood: possibly important, yet poorly studied

Groot

Duiverman²,

Brand³

2010

European Respiratory Journal

105

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Asthma in adults is associated with comorbidities such as obesity, gastrooesophageal reflux, dysfunctional breathing and mental disorders. Herein, we provide an overview of the current state of evidence on these comorbidities in childhood asthma. The prevalence, known mechanisms and possible treatment options for each comorbid condition will be discussed.Obesity is an increasing health problem in children, but its relationship with asthma remains unclear. Allergic rhinitis is a very common comorbidity in asthma, both in children and in adults, but its effect on childhood asthma severity has not been studied. The prevalence and treatment options of dysfunctional breathing, a known comorbidity in adult asthma, have not yet been studied in paediatric asthma. Food allergies appear to cause more severe reactions in patients with asthma. Depressive disorders are more prevalent in childhood asthma than in healthy children, but seem to be poorly recognised and treated in children. Although gastro-oesophageal reflux is commonly thought to be a comorbid disease complicating asthma, it remains uncertain whether treatment improves asthma control.In conclusion, knowledge of asthma comorbidities in childhood is sparse. Further studies are urgently needed to identify the prevalence, and, more importantly, the effects of these comorbidities and their treatment on the degree of asthma control in children.

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Section: Dysfunctional Breathingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities of asthma during childhood: possibly important, yet poorly studied

Groot

Duiverman²,

Brand³

2010

European Respiratory Journal

105

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“…Although cases of hyperventilation and other clinical manifestations of dysfunctional breathing have been reported in childhood [4][5][6][7][8][9], the prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in children is unknown. Studies in adults have shown that: 1) dysfunctional breathing may be a relevant comorbidity in (difficult) asthma; 2) almost onethird of asthmatic adults have symptoms of dysfunctional breathing; and 3) treatment for dysfunctional breathing helps in improving asthma control in these patients [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional breathing in children with asthma: a rare but relevant comorbidity

Groot

Duiverman²,

Brand

2012

Eur Respir J

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Hyperventilation and other clinical manifestations of dysfunctional breathing have been reported in childhood, but the prevalence is unknown. In adults, dysfunctional breathing may be a relevant comorbidity in asthma. We aimed to determine the prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in children with asthma and its impact on asthma control.We performed a cross-sectional survey in 203 asthmatic children (aged 5-18 years), using the Nijmegen Questionnaire and the paediatric Asthma Control Questionnaire.Dysfunctional breathing was found in 11 (5.3%) children; more females (eight (12.9%) out of 62) than males (three (2.1%) out 144, p50.002). There was a dose-dependent relationship between increasing Nijmegen Questionnaire scores (increased risk of dysfunctional breathing) and poorer asthma control. Poor asthma control was more common in patients with dysfunctional breathing (10 (90.9%) out of 11 children) than in children without (65 (32.3%) out of 192 children; OR 19.3, 95% CI 3.14-430.70; p,0.0001). The median Asthma Control Questionnaire in children with dysfunctional breathing was higher (median (range) 2.00 (1.50-3.17)) than in children without (0.50 (0.17-1.17); p,0.001).The prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in children and adolescents referred to a hospitalbased paediatric asthma clinic for severe or difficult-to-control asthma is 5%. The association between dysfunctional breathing and asthma control suggests that this may be a clinically relevant comorbidity in paediatric asthma.

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“…9 In one review of 44 children and adolescents with symptoms associated with hyperventilation, most patients were older than 12 years (range, 5-16) with a 2:1 female/ male ratio. 10 In another study of adolescent and children, 53% of patients were between 13 and 15 years of age with an equal sex distribution. 11,12 Both of these studies were published before panic disorder was a generally accepted diagnosis in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%