Hypervelocity nanoparticle impacts on free-standing graphene: A <i>sui generis</i> mode of sputtering

Eller, Michael J.; Liang, Chao-Kai; Della‐Negra, S.; Clubb, Aaron B.; Kim, Han‐Soo; Young, Amanda E.; Schweikert, E. A.

doi:10.1063/1.4906343

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For instance, experiments in this regime revealed unzipping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into nanoribbons [2]. While the high-strain-rate behavior of CNTs, either isolated [3,4] or in composites [5,6,7,8], has been studied for years, investigations on graphene mainly date from 2014 [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Of particular interest is the study by Lee et al [9], in which silica spheres were shot at multilayered graphene sheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets

Bizão

Machado

Sousa

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Carbon nanostructures are promising ballistic protection materials, due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. Recent experimental and computational investigations on the behavior of graphene under impact conditions revealed exceptional energy absorption properties as well. However, the reported numerical and experimental values differ by an order of magnitude. In this work, we combined numerical and analytical modeling to address this issue. In the numerical part, we employed reactive molecular dynamics to carry out ballistic tests on single, double, and triple-layered graphene sheets. We used velocity values within the range tested in experiments. Our numerical and the experimental results were used to determine parameters for a scaling law. We find that the specific penetration energy decreases as the number of layers (N) increases, from ∼15 MJ/kg for N = 1 to ∼0.9 MJ/kg for N = 350, for an impact velocity of 900 m/s. These values are in good agreement with simulations and experiments, within the entire range of N values for which data is presently available. Scale effects explain the apparent discrepancy between simulations and experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets

Bizão

Machado

Sousa

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Specifically, graphene's superior intrinsic strength and Young's modulus, exceeding 100 GPa and 1 TPa [5], respectively, have made graphene and graphene-based nano-composites attractive in applications that require superstrong structural materials [13]. However, most studies of the mechanical behavior of graphene have been limited to the tensile properties, and only a few studies exist that address the mechanical behavior of graphene under the impact of projectiles [14][15][16][17]. The scarcity of such studies is due mostly to the difficulties and limitations encountered in conducting the experiments and doing the computations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic-scale simulations of the chemomechanical behavior of graphene under nanoprojectile impact

Yoon

Ostadhossein

Duin

2016

Carbon

102

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Despite its importance, the mechanical behavior of graphene under the impact of projectiles has rarely been studied due to experimental and computational difficulties. Here, we simulated the impact of silica and nickel projectiles with a supersonic initial velocity on graphene. Then we analyzed the impact by using ReaxFF reactive force field method, which is capable of describing the entire system. During the process of projectile penetration, we identified various atomistic features, such as the formation of pentagon/heptagon pairs at the *) also were addressed. The values of E p * obtained in our simulations were in general agreement with the recent experimental values reported by Lee et al. [Science 2014, 346, (6213), 1092-1096]. Our simulation results showed that E p * was correlated with the diameter of maximum deformation of graphene before crack initiation, demonstrating the superior E p * of graphene as a result of its high ultimate stress and strain.

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“…Finally, ab initio DFTB simulations are supported and extended across dimensional scales by FEM and continuum models and compared with the experimental data available in the literature. 21,22 2 Methods DFTB atomistic model. First-principles simulations of fullerene-surface collisions were carried out within the framework of the DFTB approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

2D Material Armors Showing Superior Impact Strength of Few Layers

Signetti

Taioli

Pugno

2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We study the ballistic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials upon the hypervelocity impacts of C fullerene molecules combining ab initio density functional tight binding and finite element simulations. The critical penetration energy of monolayer membranes is determined using graphene and the 2D allotrope of boron nitride as case studies. Furthermore, the energy absorption scaling laws with a variable number of layers and interlayer spacing are investigated, for homogeneous or hybrid configurations (alternated stacking of graphene and boron nitride). At the nanolevel, a synergistic interaction between the layers emerges, not observed at the micro- and macro-scale for graphene armors. This size-scale transition in the impact behavior toward higher dimensional scales is rationalized in terms of scaling of the damaged volume and material strength. An optimal number of layers, between 5 and 10, emerges demonstrating that few-layered 2D material armors possess impact strength even higher than their monolayer counterparts. These results provide fundamental understanding for the design of ultralightweight multilayer armors using enhanced 2D material-based nanocomposites.

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Hypervelocity nanoparticle impacts on free-standing graphene: A sui generis mode of sputtering

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets

Scale Effects on the Ballistic Penetration of Graphene Sheets

Atomistic-scale simulations of the chemomechanical behavior of graphene under nanoprojectile impact

2D Material Armors Showing Superior Impact Strength of Few Layers

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