Hyperuricemia predicts future metabolic syndrome: a 4-year follow-up study of a large screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperuricemia could predict future metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a large screened cohort of Japanese male and female subjects. We evaluated 5936 subjects (3144 male subjects, 2792 female subjects; mean age 48.7 years) who underwent health checkup programs in 2006 and 2010, who were MetS free in 2006. At baseline, hyperuricemia was detected in 927 male subjects (29.5%) and 276 female subjects (9.9%). Subjects with baseline hyperuricemia had significantly higher MetS prevalence in 2010 than those without (male subjects: 34.8 vs. 20.6%, P<0.0001; female subjects: 15.6 vs. 4.8%, P<0.0001). Compared with subjects in the first quintile of uric acid levels at baseline, the age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for MetS cumulative incidence among subjects in the third, fourth and fifth quintiles were, 1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-2.4: P<0.0001), 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6-2.8: P<0.0001) and 3.2 (95% CI: 2.4-4.1: P<0.0001), respectively, for male subjects and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3-4.7: P=0.0075), 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6-5.7: P=0.0010) and 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6-8.8: P<0.0001), respectively for female subjects. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that hyperuricemia was significantly associated with MetS cumulative incidence in male subjects (OR 1.5: 95% CI: 1.3-1.8, P<0.0001) and female (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.0, P<0.0001). In conclusion, hyperuricemia is a significant and independent predictor of MetS in Japanese male and female subjects. For both genders, MetS risk increases with increased serum uric acid levels.

Relationship of serum uric acid level with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and its inflammation progression in non‐obese adults

“…Previous studies showed that hyperuricemia is a significant and independent predictor of MetS, and MetS risk increases with increased serum uric acid levels. 20 Interestingly, the present study showed that SUA levels were significantly and positively correlated with BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, SCr, and BUN, and the correlation coefficient in the non-obese group was higher than in the obese group. A meta-analysis suggested that increased SUA level is associated with an exacerbated risk of NAFLD.…”

Associations between serum uric acid levels and the incidence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome: a 4-year follow-up study of a large screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan

“…[11][12][13][14] In the present study, a different approach was used to assess the association between elevated SUA levels and the incidence of MetS. As a result, elevated SUA levels showed a significant and independent association with the incidence of MetS, even in subjects without hypertension.…”

“…11 In that study, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in women who developed MetS than in those who did not. Substantial evidence has also indicated a higher prevalence of insulin resistance among patients with hypertension than among normotensive individuals.…”

“…Elevated SUA levels are prevalent in patients with hypertension 1,2 and MetS, [3][4][5][6][7] and these levels can be a significant predictor of the development of hypertension 3,[8][9][10] and MetS. [11][12][13][14] Although evidence has suggested that elevated SUA levels might have a role in hypertension, 15 a causal relationship has not been established. Confirming the involvement of elevated SUA levels in the pathogenesis of hypertension has been difficult, because MetS can confound the relationship between elevated SUA levels and hypertension and because these conditions share common pathophysiological features, such as insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stressand inflammation.…”

The potential impact of the hypovitaminosis D on metabolic complications in obese adolescents – Preliminary results

“…An association between vitamin D deficiency and hyperuricemia in obese adolescents has not been reported; however, a significant association between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated uric acid was recently found in postmenopausal women [8]. This novel observation seems to be particularly interesting since it had been proved that an elevated uric acid level is a significant and independent predictor of the development of the arterial hypertension, especially in young individuals, and metabolic syndrome in the future [9,10]. These findings may suggest that low vitamin D level is not only one of the complications of the obesity, but it can be involved in the development of other metabolic complications.…”