Hyperuricemia and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the Chinese adult population

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is common in China and the relevance of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been highlighted, but to date there has been rarely nation-wide study in China. Here, we aim to estimate the current prevalence of hyperuricemia and evaluate the associations between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) clustering in a large sample of China adults including a plurality of ethnic minorities. Generally, a nationally representative sample of 22983 adults aged ≥18 years was recruited from 2007 to 2011. Questionnaire data and information on anthropometric characteristics, and laboratory measurements were collected. We define hyperuricemia as SUA ≥416 mmol/L for men and SUA ≥357 mmol/L for women. We found that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.0% (18.5% in men and 8.0% in women). To our estimation, hyperuricemic subjects had higher prevalence rates of CRFs clustering than non-hyperuricemic subjects. Furthermore, there was a dose-response association between the number of CVD risk factors clustering and hyperuricemia. Our study revealed a high prevalence of hyperuricemia and CVD risk factors clustering among Chinese adults, and hyperuricemia was significantly associated with coexistence of more CVD risk factors. Therefore, guidance and effective lifestyle intervention are required to prevent hyperuricemia and CVD risk factors in China.

Uric Acid Has Direct Proinflammatory Effects on Human Macrophages by Increasing Proinflammatory Mediators and Bacterial Phagocytosis Probably via URAT1

“…However, hyperuricemia is a pathological entity that is characterized by blood uric acid values beyond upper limits that has been largely associated with metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular risk [8][9][10]. In this sense, a recent study conducted in 22,983 Chinese adults demonstrated that subjects with hyperuricemia had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), than individuals with normal uric acid values [11]. It is also worth mentioning that uric acid concentration associated directly with the number of cardiovascular risk factors; in other words, the cardiovascular risk increases as the uric acid elevates in blood.…”

“…The association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular diseases is accompanied by a low-grade inflammation state that is characterized by increased proinflammatory activation of macrophages [11,12]. In this regard, the exposure of ApoE −/− mice to allopurinol (an inhibitor of uric acid production) does not only reduce atherosclerotic plaque size, but also macrophage infiltration and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL-) 1 beta, both typical proinflammatory cytokines [12].…”

A potent risk model for predicting new-onset acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northwest China

“…Previous studies have shown that age [12][13][14][15][16], hypertension [4,17], obesity [18,19], hyperuricaemia [20][21][22][23][24], dyslipidaemia [25] are all risk factors for CVD. Although the above results were obtained in the general population, these risk factors remain as predictors in the risk model established in this study.…”

Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959–61 and risk of Hyperuricemia: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

“…As widely accepted in previous studies [6,[24][25][26], hyperuricemia was defined as SUA ≥ 7 mg/dL for men or SUA ≥ 6 mg/dL for women.…”