Hyperuricaemia and essential hypertension: a case control study in Southern Rajasthan

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONLife is not merely to be alive, but to be healthy and wealthy. Despite incredible improvement in health since 1950, cardiovascular disease remains among the leading causes of death worldwide. Hypertension (HT) is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This positive relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk has been shown to exist not only in those with higher BP but also in individuals with high-normal BP/prehypertension. 1 Prehypertension as the name suggests that it precedes the hypertension. Trends in hypertension prevalence in India have shown a high prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural areas. The prevalence rates of hypertension among urban population are 36.4% and rural people are 21.2%. 2 ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the current emerging community health problems, which is very common affecting one in four individuals. Hyperuricemia is predictive for the development of both hypertension and coronary artery disease. Since there are various etiological factors associated with hypertension so it is very difficult to predict which one is the most common cause of hypertension. Little or no information is present in the population of Rajasthan, on the association between serum uric acid and essential hypertension. Hence this study is carried out to investigate the existence of an association between serum uric acid and essential hypertension. Methods: In this hospital based case control study, a total of 75 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive cases, 75 prehypertensive cases and 50 normotensive healthy controls, aged 20-50 years of both sexes were enrolled after excluding gout, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, metabolic syndrome, secondary hypertension or history of having relevant drugs by taking detailed history and physical examination. Serum uric acid was measured in all study cases as well as control subjects. Results:The results of our study revealed that the mean serum uric acid level and the frequency of subjects with increased serum uric acid level were significantly higher in newly diagnosed cases of essential hypertension as compared to prehypertensive and normotensive controls (p< 0.001). Serum uric acid correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r= + 0.23, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r= + 0.09, p>0.05). These results indicate a definite association between hyperuricaemia and essential hypertension. Conclusions: In the present study, Elevated level of SUA is significantly linked with PreHT and EHT after controlling various confounding factors. The present study showed that the number of hyperuricaemic individuals and mean SUA level were significantly higher in newly diagnosed cases of hypertension as compared to prehypertensive and normotensive control.

Hyperuricemia in Systemic Hypertension and its correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

“…Lee Table-III al 15 reported majority of study cases of essential hypertension were in the range of 40-50 years, that is also in full agreement to the present study. However, age contradicts to a Pakistani study of Habib et al 14 has reported minimum age of 20 years that contradicts with the present study. Body weight and BMI 77.4±12.2 vs. 78.5±13.9 Kg (P=0.57) and 27.53±3.30 and 28.48±3.61 kg/ m 2 in control and cases respectively (P=0.0001).…”

“…The findings corroborate to the SUA in controls 2.91±0.75 vs. 5.70±1.76 mg/dl (P=0.0001) in the present study. Another previous study 14 reported similar findings of hyperuricemia in pre-hypertension and hypertension. This previous study reported SUA (mean± SD) of 4.91 ± 0.88 mg/dl in control, 5.89 ± 0.97 in pre-hypertension mg/dl and 6.56 ± 0.64 mg/dl in hypertension respectively.…”

Association of serum uric acid with systemic blood pressure – A Cross Sectional study.

“…Some studies have reported association of hyperuricemia with systemic hypertension in women [7][8][9] , few in men 10 and others have reported this association in both genders. 11 A previous study 12 reported significant association of hyperuricemia and systemic hypertension in less than 40 years of age. While other studies 13,14 demonstrated contrasting occurrence in older than 40 years.…”

Hubungan Antara Hiperurisemia Dengan Hipertensi Di Rsud Sanjiwani Gianyar Tahun 2019

“…Penelitian di Kivu Selatan Republik Kongo dengan menggunakan 378 sampel, juga menemukan hasil yang sama. 7 Walaupun demikian, hasil berbeda ditemukan pada studi lainnya di beberapa lokasi berbeda seperti RSUD Sukoharjo 6 , Rajastan 5 , dan Banglades 17 , yang menemukan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kejadian hiperurisemia dengan hipertensi.…”

“…Di mana, responden dengan hiperurisemia secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada kasus hipertensi. 5 Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Umami pada tahun 2015 di RSUD Sukoharjo mendapatkan hasil bahwa sebanyak 50% sampel yang dilibatkan pada studi tersebut mengalami kondisi hiperurisemia. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keterkaitan antara hiperurisemia dengan hipertensi pada subjek yang diteliti.…”