Hypertrophy of the anterior arch of the atlas associated with congenital nonunion of the posterior arch: a retrospective case-control study

Jin, Michael; Asadoorian, Mariet; Hiller, Lucas P.; Hughes, Tudor

doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.482

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A type B defect is defined as a condition affecting only one lamina and ranging from a small gap to a complete absence of the lamina, and it cannot be excluded for SD-1643 due to postmortem absence of the right lamina ( Fig 1 ). The frequency of type A defects ranges from 0.73% [ 48 ] to 3.84% [ 38 ], accounting for more than 77% of all of the defects reported for the posterior arch of the atlas [ 49 – 55 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Further Evidence of Low Genetic Diversity in the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal Group: Congenital Clefts of the Atlas

et al. 2015

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We present here the first cases in Neandertals of congenital clefts of the arch of the atlas. Two atlases from El Sidrón, northern Spain, present respectively a defect of the posterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.73% to 3.84%), and anterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.087% to 0.1%) arch, a condition in most cases not associated with any clinical manifestation. The fact that two out of three observable atlases present a low frequency congenital condition, together with previously reported evidence of retained deciduous mandibular canine in two out of ten dentitions from El Sidrón, supports the previous observation based on genetic evidence that these Neandertals constituted a group with close genetic relations. Some have proposed for humans and other species that the presence of skeletal congenital conditions, although without clinical significance, could be used as a signal of endogamy or inbreeding. In the present case this interpretation would fit the general scenario of high incidence of rare conditions among Pleistocene humans and the specific scenariothat emerges from Neandertal paleogenetics, which points to long-term small and decreasing population size with reduced and isolated groups. Adverse environmental factors affecting early pregnancies would constitute an alternative, non-exclusive, explanation for a high incidence of congenital conditions. Further support or rejection of these interpretations will come from new genetic and skeletal evidence from Neandertal remains.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Further Evidence of Low Genetic Diversity in the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal Group: Congenital Clefts of the Atlas

et al. 2015

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“…1994; Senoglu et al . 2007; Sanchis‐Gimeno and Aparicio, 2011; Jin et al , 2014; Sanchis‐Gimeno et al . 2018b), and has been described in the El Sidrón Neanderthal group (Ríos et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Krapina atlases suggest a high prevalence of anatomical variations in the first cervical vertebra of Neanderthals

et al. 2020

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The first cervical vertebra, atlas, and its anatomical variants have been widely studied in Homo sapiens. However, in Neanderthals, the presence of anatomical variants of the atlas has been very little studied until very recently. Only the Neanderthal group from the El Sidrón site (Spain) has been analysed with regard to the anatomical variants of the atlas. A high prevalence of anatomical variants has been described in this sample, which points to low genetic diversity in this Neanderthal group. Even so, the high prevalence of anatomical variations detected in El Sidrón Neanderthal atlases needs to be confirmed by analysing more Neanderthal remains. In this context, we analysed the possible presence of anatomical variants in the three Neanderthal atlases recovered from the Krapina site (Croatia) within the Neanderthal lineage. Two of the three Krapina atlases presented anatomical variations. One atlas (Krapina 98) had an unclosed transverse foramen and the other (Krapina 99) presented a non‐fused anterior atlas arch. Moreover, an extended review of the bibliography also showed these anatomical variations in other Middle and Upper Pleistocene hominins, leading us to hypothesise that anatomical variations of the atlas had a higher prevalence in extinct hominins than in modern humans.

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“…Jin et al have described the anterior arch as hypertrophied in cases of congenital cleft because of chronically elevated mechanical stress, although the authors did not conduct a biomechanical investigation [24]. Our FEA results showed that increasing the amount of posterior arch resection did not affect the amount of stress transmitted to the anterior arch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Spontaneous anterior arch fracture of the atlas following C1 laminectomy without fusion: A report of three cases and finite element analysis

Shimizu

Otsuki

Fujibayashi

et al. 2016

Journal of Orthopaedic Science

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Hypertrophy of the anterior arch of the atlas associated with congenital nonunion of the posterior arch: a retrospective case-control study

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Possible Further Evidence of Low Genetic Diversity in the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal Group: Congenital Clefts of the Atlas

Possible Further Evidence of Low Genetic Diversity in the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal Group: Congenital Clefts of the Atlas

Krapina atlases suggest a high prevalence of anatomical variations in the first cervical vertebra of Neanderthals

Spontaneous anterior arch fracture of the atlas following C1 laminectomy without fusion: A report of three cases and finite element analysis

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