Hypertriglyceridemia promotes dysfunctions in high-density lipoprotein increasing the cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with several metabolic diseases. The triglycerides (TG) disrupt the cholesterol reverse transport and contribute to increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts in cholesterol reverse transport as an antiinflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to investigate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the functionality of HDL. Individuals were divided into 4 groups based on high or low HDL-c and triglycerides levels. Biochemical and anthropometric analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that triglycerides promote dysfunctions on HDL, increasing the cardiovascular risk. Blood pressure was higher in subjects with low HDL. Women presented higher levels of HDL-c and low percentage of fat mass. The highest levels of triglycerides were observed in older age. In addition, high levels of triglycerides were associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, non-HDL-c, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood glucose, increasing in the ratio of non-HDL-c/HDL-c and ApoB/ApoA-I. The increase of triglycerides levels progressively impairs the antioxidant capacity of HDL, probably due to a higher occurrence of fatty acid peroxidation in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with high HDL and low TG levels increased the Lag Time. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between TG versus HDL particle size, variables that depend on age and anthropometric parameters.

Chronic exposure to TiO2 micro‐ and nano particles: A biochemical and histopathological experimental study

“…High triglyceride levels are associated with changes in lipoprotein quality and atherogenic risk. 111,112 The increase in triglycerides was only seen in the TiO 2 -NP5 group, which suggests that this alteration was independent of aging and was the result of exposure to NPs. It should be noted that triglyceride enrichment leads to increased production of lipid peroxides in lipoproteins.…”

“…Furthermore, the TiO 2 ‐NP 5 group also presented increased triglycerides at 12 months. High triglyceride levels are associated with changes in lipoprotein quality and atherogenic risk 111,112 . The increase in triglycerides was only seen in the TiO 2 ‐NP5 group, which suggests that this alteration was independent of aging and was the result of exposure to NPs.…”

“…The increase in triglycerides was only seen in the TiO 2 ‐NP5 group, which suggests that this alteration was independent of aging and was the result of exposure to NPs. It should be noted that triglyceride enrichment leads to increased production of lipid peroxides in lipoproteins 111,112 . Therefore, paraoxonase 1 activity may have increased in the TiO 2 ‐NP5 group to neutralize these lipid peroxides resulting from the increase in triglycerides.…”

“…It should be noted that triglyceride enrichment leads to increased production of lipid peroxides in lipoproteins. 111,112 Therefore, paraoxonase 1 activity may have increased in the TiO 2 -NP5 group to neutralize these lipid peroxides resulting from the increase in triglycerides. Importantly, in a previous study, rats subjected to a high sucrose diet showed tandem increases in triglycerides with higher paraoxonase 1 activity.…”