Hypertriglyceridemia Characterized by Low-Density Lipoprotein Phenotype and Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Mutation

Abstract

A high serum triglyceride (TG) concentration is associated with an increased serum concentration of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). To further characterize the hypertriglyceridemic condition, we examined sera from 240 subjects for small, dense LDL using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. We focused on determining the frequency of the pattern B, which is characterized by a higher proportion of small, dense LDL, among hypertriglyceridemic individuals. The subjects were divided into four groups: a control group (TG < or = 1.65 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) > or =1.17 mmol/l; n = 71), a high TG group (TG > 1.65 mmol/l, HDL-C > or = 1.17 mmol/l; n = 36), a group with high TG and low HDL-C (TG > 1.65 mmol/l, HDL-C < or = 0.91 mmol/l; n = 106), and a low HDL-C group (TG < or = 1.65 mmol/l, HDL-C < or = 0.91 mmol/l; n = 27). We found that pattern B occurs at a high frequency mainly in individuals with high TG and low HDL-C levels. We also observed an increased percentage of LDL within the 20.0 nm to 25.5 nm particle diameter range in this group. Analysis of the lipoprotein lipase gene in this group showed that some mutations seem to be associated with small, dense LDL, resulting in LDL pattern B.

Smaller Mean LDL Particle Size and Higher Proportion of Small Dense LDL in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients

“…The independent predictors of sdLDL in T2DM patients were serum TG level and BMI (OR, 1.020, with P <0.001; and OR, 1.152, with P =0.027, respectively), which is consistent with the findings of previous studies on conditions associated with sdLDL [20,30,31,34-36]. Metabolic syndrome, insulin-resistance and decreased adiponectin are plausible explanations for this result.…”

Relationship between High-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol and Malondialdehyde-modified Low-density Lipoprotein Concentrations

“…Li et al (15) reported that subjects with high TG (> 1.69 mmol/l) and low HDL-C (≤ 0.91 mmol/l) concentrations frequently have higher concentrations of small dense LDL, resulting in the pattern B phenotype. We also showed that only in high TG & low HDL group was LDL particle size smaller than in the control group.…”

“…The major peak LDL diameter was estimated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient-gel electrophoresis according to the method reported by Williams et al (18) but with some modification. After electrophoresis in a 2% to15% polyacrylamide gradient gel, the gels were stained with Sudan Black B liquid stain (Daiichi), as previously described (15). For a reference standard, control serum was prepared from a healthy subject and run with each gel.…”

“…Li et al (15) reported that subjects with high triglyceride (TG) (> 1.69 mmol/l) and low HDL-C (≤ 0.91 mmol/l) concentrations frequently have higher concentrations of small dense LDL. Kotani et al (16) previously showed that malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) is distributed to small dense LDL fractions by density gradient ultracentrifugation.…”

Επίδραση Του Συνδυασμού Ορλιστάτης-Φαινοφιμπράτης Στις Λιπιδαιμικές Και Μεταβολικές Παραμέτρους Σε Υπέρβαρους Και Παχύσαρκους Ασθενείς Με Μεταβολικό Σύνδρομο

“…Όπως αναφέρθηκε ο μεταβολισμός των πλούσιων σε τριγλυκερίδια λιποπρωτεϊνών είναι ο κύριος ρυθμιστής της παραγωγής των sdLDL σωματιδίων [113][114][115][116] . Ωστόσο, υπάρχουν δεδομένα που υποστηρίζουν ότι και η μεταγευματική υπερτριγλυκεριδαιμία -ακόμη και με φυσιολογικά επίπεδα τριγλυκεριδίων νηστείας-σχετίζεται με το σχηματισμό sdLDL σωματιδίων [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] .…”