Hypertrehalosaemic activity in corpus cardiacum‐corpus allatum‐aorta complex and adipokinetic response of Glossina morsitans

Abstract

Extracts from the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum-aorta (CC-CA-A) complex of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood contain a hypertrehalosaemic factor when assayed in Periplaneta americana L. and in G.morsitans. A slight though significant decrease, followed by an increase, in haemolymph total carbohydrate occurs when tsetse are flown for 1 h. When assayed in Locusta migratoria L., the extracts have no adipokinetic activity, but Lmigratoria corpus cardiacum extract produces an adipokinetic response in the female tsetse. It is suggested that the neurosecretions contained in the tsetse CC-CA-A complex contain a hypertrehalosaemic factor whose role is to mobilize glycogen.

Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

“…These effects were not achieved by AKH injection, but indirectly by gene ablation of AKH producing cells in the CC and by over expression of the AKH gene in the fat bodies. In the tsetse fly, G. morsitans, only a hypertrehalosaemic response was obtained with species-specific CC extract injected into females (Mwangi and Awiti, 1989), but in vitro studies with female fat bodies and crude CC extracts produced a hyperlipaemic effect (Pimley, 1984). The processed structure of AKH octapeptides is highly conserved across the insects, so much so that Anoga-HrTH produced a significant hyperlipaemic response in Locusta (Table 3), as does another dipteran AKH octapeptide (Gäde, 1993).…”

“…Both carbohydrates and lipids are used as flight substrates in females of this species (Kaufmann and Briegel, 2004). Other dipteran AKHs have been identified (Table 1), and their bioactivity reported for the blow fly, Phormia terraenovae , the horse fly (Tabanus spp., Woodring and Leprince, 1992), the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans (Pimley, 1984;Mwangi and Awiti, 1989), and the fruit fly, D. melanogaster (Lee and Park, 2004). In this study, we first tested the synthetic Anoga-AKHs for effects on metabolite mobilization in female A. gambiae, and then examined whether these peptides also affected female flight performance.…”