“…Both carbohydrates and lipids are used as flight substrates in females of this species (Kaufmann and Briegel, 2004). Other dipteran AKHs have been identified (Table 1), and their bioactivity reported for the blow fly, Phormia terraenovae , the horse fly (Tabanus spp., Woodring and Leprince, 1992), the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans (Pimley, 1984;Mwangi and Awiti, 1989), and the fruit fly, D. melanogaster (Lee and Park, 2004). In this study, we first tested the synthetic Anoga-AKHs for effects on metabolite mobilization in female A. gambiae, and then examined whether these peptides also affected female flight performance.…”