Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria Occurring within Indonesian Hydrothermal Areas

Huber, Gertrud; Huber, Robert; Jones, Brian E.; Lauerer, Gerta; Neuner, Annemarie; Segerer, Andreas H.; Stetter, Karl O.; Degens, Egon T.

doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80317-6

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thermococcus spp. have often been cultivated from other shallow hydrothermal systems with high-temperature fluid emissions (21,23,56,63). In contrast, Deferribacter spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-Dependent and -Independent Characterization of Microbial Communities Associated with a Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal System Occurring within a Coral Reef off Taketomi Island, Japan

Hirayama

Sunamura

Takai

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

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Microbial communities in a shallow submarine hydrothermal system near Taketomi Island, Japan, were investigated using cultivation-based and molecular techniques. The main hydrothermal activity occurred in a craterlike basin (depth, ϳ23 m) on the coral reef seafloor. The vent fluid (maximum temperature, >52°C) contained 175 M H 2 S and gas bubbles mainly composed of CH 4 (69%) and N 2 (29%). A liquid serial dilution cultivation technique targeting a variety of metabolism types quantified each population in the vent fluid and in a white microbial mat located near the vent. The most abundant microorganisms cultivated from both the fluid and the mat were autotrophic sulfur oxidizers, including mesophilic Thiomicrospira spp. and thermophilic Sulfurivirga caldicuralii. Methane oxidizers were the second most abundant organisms in the fluid; one novel type I methanotroph exhibited optimum growth at 37°C, and another novel type I methanotroph exhibited optimum growth at 45°C. The number of hydrogen oxidizers cultivated only from the mat was less than the number of sulfur and methane oxidizers, although a novel mesophilic hydrogen-oxidizing member of the Epsilonproteobacteria was isolated. Various mesophilic to hyperthermophilic heterotrophs, including sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio spp., iron-reducing Deferribacter sp., and sulfur-reducing Thermococcus spp., were also cultivated. Culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clone analysis of the vent fluid and mat revealed highly diverse archaeal communities. In the bacterial community, S. caldicuralii was identified as the predominant phylotype in the fluid (clonal frequency, 25%). Both bacterial clone libraries indicated that there were bacterial communities involved in sulfur, hydrogen, and methane oxidation and sulfate reduction. Our results indicate that there are unique microbial communities that are sustained by active chemosynthetic primary production rather than by photosynthetic production in a shallow hydrothermal system where sunlight is abundant.Shallow submarine hydrothermal systems exposed to sunlight are expected to harbor more complex microbial communities than dark deep-sea hydrothermal systems, because there is in situ primary production not only by chemolithotrophs but also by phototrophs. The environmental conditions in shallow submarine hydrothermal systems differ from those in deep-sea hydrothermal systems and terrestrial hot springs with respect to water pressure, temperature, sunlight intensity, salinity, etc. A shallow submarine hydrothermal system in a tropical coral reef location is especially intriguing since photosynthetic biomass production is assumed to complement hydrothermal energy and carbon fluxes. Such a system has been found in Tutum

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“…Thermococcus spp. have often been cultivated from other shallow hydrothermal systems with high-temperature fluid emissions (21,23,56,63). In contrast, Deferribacter spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-Dependent and -Independent Characterization of Microbial Communities Associated with a Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal System Occurring within a Coral Reef off Taketomi Island, Japan

Hirayama

Sunamura

Takai

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

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“…Historically, Archaea were regarded as a collection of extremophiles that could only thrive in extreme habitats, for example, high temperature (Huber et al, 1991;Jannasch et al, 1992;Antoine et al, 1995;Whitaker et al, 2003), high salinity (Oren et al, 1990;Cui et al, 2010;Goh et al, 2011;Inoue et al, 2011), low pH (Edwards et al, 2000;Dopson et al, 2004), strict anaerobic conditions (Mikucki et al, 2003;Sakai et al, 2007) or combinations thereof (Huber et al, 1989;Itoh et al, 1999;Minegishi et al, 2008Minegishi et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the metabolism, lifestyle and putative evolutionary history of the novel archaeal phylum ‘Diapherotrites’

et al. 2014

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The archaeal phylum ‘Diapherotrites’ was recently proposed based on phylogenomic analysis of genomes recovered from an underground water seep in an abandoned gold mine (Homestake mine in Lead, SD, USA). Here we present a detailed analysis of the metabolic capabilities and genomic features of three single amplified genomes (SAGs) belonging to the ‘Diapherotrites’. The most complete of the SAGs, Candidatus ‘Iainarchaeum andersonii’ (Cand. IA), had a small genome (∼1.24 Mb), short average gene length (822 bp), one ribosomal RNA operon, high coding density (∼90.4%), high percentage of overlapping genes (27.6%) and low incidence of gene duplication (2.16%). Cand. IA genome possesses limited catabolic capacities that, nevertheless, could theoretically support a free-living lifestyle by channeling a narrow range of substrates such as ribose, polyhydroxybutyrate and several amino acids to acetyl-coenzyme A. On the other hand, Cand. IA possesses relatively well-developed anabolic capabilities, although it remains auxotrophic for several amino acids and cofactors. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the majority of Cand. IA anabolic genes were acquired from bacterial donors via horizontal gene transfer. We thus propose that members of the ‘Diapherotrites’ have evolved from an obligate symbiotic ancestor by acquiring anabolic genes from bacteria that enabled independent biosynthesis of biological molecules previously acquired from symbiotic hosts. ‘Diapherotrites’ 16S rRNA genes exhibit multiple mismatches with the majority of archaeal 16S rRNA primers, a fact that could be responsible for their observed rarity in amplicon-generated data sets. The limited substrate range, complex growth requirements and slow growth rate predicted could be responsible for its refraction to isolation.

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“…Although Indonesia's diverse terrestrial hydrothermal biotopes harbour large communities of hyperthermophilic bacteria (Akhmaloka, personal communication), to date little effort has been made to characterise these hyperthermophilic communities. Published studies are based on in vitro culturing and classical microbial identification methods [5]. It is generally accepted that fewer than 1% of extant microbial ‘species’ have been cultured [6] and that the majority do not grow in conventional isolation media [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial community analysis of Indonesian hot springs

Baker

Gaffar

Cowan

et al. 2001

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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We report the first attempts to describe thermophilic bacterial communities in Indonesia's thermal springs using molecular phylogenetic analyses. 16S rRNA genes from laboratory cultures and DNA directly amplified from three hot springs in West Java were sequenced. The 22 sequences obtained were assignable to the taxa Proteobacteria, Bacillus and Flavobacterium, including a number of clades not normally associated with thermophily.

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Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria Occurring within Indonesian Hydrothermal Areas

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Culture-Dependent and -Independent Characterization of Microbial Communities Associated with a Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal System Occurring within a Coral Reef off Taketomi Island, Japan

Culture-Dependent and -Independent Characterization of Microbial Communities Associated with a Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal System Occurring within a Coral Reef off Taketomi Island, Japan

Insights into the metabolism, lifestyle and putative evolutionary history of the novel archaeal phylum ‘Diapherotrites’

Bacterial community analysis of Indonesian hot springs

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