Hyperthermia impairs the executive function using the Attention Network Test

Sun, Gang; Yang, Xiao; Jiang, Qingjun; Li, Kai; Li, Bo; Li, Li; Zhao, Lun; Li, Min

doi:10.3109/02656736.2012.705217

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with our previous study [30], we did not find significant alterations in the alerting (t(30) = −1.102, p = 0.279) or the orienting (t(30) = 0.31, p = 0.759) effects between both groups. But the executive control effect showed significant differences (t(30) = 2.747, p = 0.01).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Hyperthermia-Induced Disruption of Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain Network

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPassive hyperthermia is a potential risk factor to human cognitive performance and work behavior in many extreme work environments. Previous studies have demonstrated significant effects of passive hyperthermia on human cognitive performance and work behavior. However, there is a lack of a clear understanding of the exact affected brain regions and inter-regional connectivities.Methodology and Principal FindingsWe simulated 1 hour environmental heat exposure to thirty-six participants under two environmental temperature conditions (25°C and 50°C), and collected resting-state functional brain activity. The functional connectivities with a preselected region of interest (ROI) in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (PCC/PCu), furthermore, inter-regional connectivities throughout the entire brain using a prior Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) atlas were calculated. We identified decreased correlations of a set of regions with the PCC/PCu, including the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and bilateral medial temporal cortex, as well as increased correlations with the partial orbitofrontal cortex particularly in the bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus. Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the hyperthermia (HT) group showed 65 disturbed functional connectivities with 50 of them being decreased and 15 of them being increased. While the decreased correlations mainly involved with the mOFC, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, increased correlations were mainly located within the limbic system. In consideration of physiological system changes, we explored the correlations of the number of significantly altered inter-regional connectivities with differential rectal temperatures and weight loss, but failed to obtain significant correlations. More importantly, during the attention network test (ANT) we found that the number of significantly altered functional connectivities was positively correlated with an increase in executive control reaction time.Conclusions/SignificanceWe first identified the hyperthermia-induced altered functional connectivity patterns. The changes in the functional connectivity network might be a possible explanation for the cognitive performance and work behavior alteration.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Details about the ANT procedure can be seen in the paper by Fan et al [29] and our previous study [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthermia-Induced Disruption of Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain Network

et al. 2013

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“…Various aspects of attention (19,22,65), memory (6,19,28,41,54), and executive function (16,17,67) are reduced in heat-stressed younger adults. Therefore, our findings that passive heat stress did not affect the measured indices of cognitive function are unexpected (Figs.…”

Section: Elevations In Body Temperature and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This chronological cognitive decline may contribute to the risk of deleterious outcomes during heat waves in older adults by, for instance, leading to poor decision-making. Interestingly, perhaps because of the deleterious impact of heat stress on cerebral blood flow (46, 61) and/or disruptions in cerebral functional connectivity (66), many cognitive processes are impaired in heat-stressed younger adults [e.g., aspects of attention (19, 22, 65), memory (6, 19, 28, 41, 54), and executive function (16,17,67)], although this is not always observed (3,50,61). If heat stress-induced impairments in cognitive function are amplified with age, this might suggest that the contribution of cognitive factors to the risk of morbidity and mortality during heat waves would be exacerbated in older adults.…”

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Cognitive and perceptual responses during passive heat stress in younger and older adults

Schlader

Gagnon

Adams

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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We tested the hypothesis that attention, memory, and executive function are impaired to a greater extent in passively heat-stressed older adults than in passively heatstressed younger adults. In a randomized, crossover design, 15 older (age: 69 Ϯ 5 yr) and 14 younger (age: 30 Ϯ 4 yr) healthy subjects underwent passive heat stress and time control trials. Cognitive tests (outcomes: accuracy and reaction time) from the CANTAB battery evaluated attention [rapid visual processing (RVP), choice reaction time (CRT)], memory [spatial span (SSP), pattern recognition memory (PRM)], and executive function [one touch stockings of Cambridge (OTS)]. Testing was undertaken on two occasions during each trial, at baseline and after internal temperature had increased by 1.0 Ϯ 0.2°C or after a time control period. For tests that measured attention, reaction time during RVP and CRT was slower (P Յ 0.01) in the older group. During heat stress, RVP reaction time improved (P Ͻ 0.01) in both groups. Heat stress had no effect (P Ն 0.09) on RVP or CRT accuracy in either group. For tests that measured memory, accuracy on SSP and PRM was lower (P Ͻ 0.01) in the older group, but there was no effect of heat stress (P Ն 0.14). For tests that measured executive function, overall, accuracy on OTS was lower, and reaction time was slower in the older group (P Յ 0.05). Reaction time generally improved during heat stress, but there was no effect of heat stress on accuracy in either group. These data indicate that moderate increases in body temperature during passive heat stress do not differentially compromise cognitive function in younger and older adults. cognitive function; aging; hyperthermia; thermal comfort ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF ϳ65 YR are at an increased risk of illness, injury, hospitalization, and death during heat waves (23, 29, 33-36, 63, 64). Age-related impairments in physiological responses to heat stress undoubtedly contribute to this increased risk (32). Heat-stressed older adults have attenuated increases in skin blood flow (30, 31) and sweating (26, 27), as well as impaired cardiovascular adjustments (42, 43). However, both physiological and psychological states influence health and safety (52, 53). Thus, a variety of factors may mediate the deleterious outcomes observed in the older population during heat waves.Healthy aging is associated with a general cognitive decline (49). Aspects of memory (4, 10, 12), attention (1, 12, 40), executive functioning (12,58,60), and processing speed (59) are typically [but not always (37, 48)] impaired with advancing age. This chronological cognitive decline may contribute to the risk of deleterious outcomes during heat waves in older adults by, for instance, leading to poor decision-making. Interestingly, perhaps because of the deleterious impact of heat stress on cerebral blood flow (46, 61) and/or disruptions in cerebral functional connectivity (66), many cognitive processes are impaired in heat-stressed younger adults [e.g., aspects of attention (19, 22, 65), memory (6, 19, 28, 41, 54), an...

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“…The different limits proposed for different activities [11] are expressed in terms of the ''dynamic rise'' of t core , a quantity that takes into account both the increase and the rate of change of this quantity. More recent studies confirm that vigilance is more vulnerable to thermal stress [20], and that reaction times are longer for hyperthermic subjects [21,22], though the latter work also found the accuracy rate to be unaffected.…”

Section: Impact Of Heat Stress On Driving Performancementioning

confidence: 89%

Is driving in a hot vehicle safe?

Lenzuni

Capone

Freda

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hyperthermia

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Hyperthermia impairs the executive function using the Attention Network Test

Abstract: Passive hyperthermia impaired executive control function, whereas alerting and orienting effects were unaffected.

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Hyperthermia-Induced Disruption of Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain Network

Hyperthermia-Induced Disruption of Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain Network

Cognitive and perceptual responses during passive heat stress in younger and older adults

Is driving in a hot vehicle safe?

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