Hypertension Prevalence Based on Blood Pressure Measurements on Two vs. One Visits: A Community-Based Screening Programme and a Narrative Review

Plumettaz, Chloé; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Bovet, Pascal

doi:10.3390/ijerph17249395

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The treatment rate was 47% (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51) in women and 38% (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) in men. Less than half of those treated had achieved hypertension control, leading to global control rates of 23% (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) for women and 18% (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) for men with hypertension (figure 3). 27-34% of women and men in the highincome western and Asia-Pacific regions with hypertension were not aware of their condition, an additional 10-14% were untreated, and 21% did not achieve control (figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these sex-specific and age-specific data to estimate the primary outcomes by country, year, and age. All analyses 23% (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) controlled (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62) were done separately by sex and for each primary outcome. The model is described in detail in a statistical paper 9 and related substantive papers 6,10 and summarised in the appendix (pp 4-6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypertension prevalence based on data collected in multiple visits might be lower than that based on one visit. 22 We had insufficient comparable data on treatment details such as the type of drugs because these data are not consistently collected in population-representative surveys. Complementing survey data with data from health facilities or prescriptions could provide such clinically relevant details.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Zeng¹,

Carrillo‐Larco²,

Danaei³

et al. 2021

The Lancet

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862

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Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. MethodsWe used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age.Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Zeng¹,

Carrillo‐Larco²,

Danaei³

et al. 2021

The Lancet

Self Cite

1,675

862

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Every country has an adopted definition for high blood pressure which is more often guided by the WHO criteria. Some guidelines suggest that HBP should be defined as BP which is consistently higher than 130/80 mmHg, while WHO guidelines suggest higher than 140/90 mmHg 9 – 11 . Elevated SBP is a leading global health risk 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed effects logistic regression analysis of blood pressure among Ghanaians and associated risk factors

Iddrisu,

Besing Karadaar,

Gurah Junior

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Blood pressure (BP) control is a global health issue with an increase in BP beyond the normal BP leading to different stages of hypertension in humans and hence the need to identify risk factors of BP for efficient and effective control. Multiple BP measurement have proven to provide BP readings close to the true BP status of the individual. In this study, we used multiple BP measurement data on 3809 Ghanaians to determine risk factors associated with BP. The data were obtained from World Health Organization study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. We defined high blood pressure (HBP) as $$\ge$$ ≥ 130/80 mmHg or normal as $$\le$$ ≤ 130/80 mmHg. We provide summary statistics and also used the Chi-Square test to assess significance of association between HBP versus risk factors of HBP. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of BP using the mixed effects logistic regression model. Data were analyzed using R version 4.2.2. The results showed that the risk of high blood pressure (HBP) decreases across the three measurement periods. There is reduced risk (OR = 0.274, 95% CI = 0.2008, 0.405) of HBP among male participants relative to female participants. The risk (OR = 2.771, 95% CI = 1.8658, 4.1145) of HBP increased by 2.771-folds among those who are 60 years and above relative to those below the age of 60 years. Those whose work involves/requires vigorous exercise has 1.631-fold increase in the risk (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.1151, 2.3854) of HBP relative to those whose work does not involve vigorous exercise. There is approximately 5-folds increased in the risk (OR = 4.896, 95% CI = 1.9535, 12.2268) of among those who have ever been diagnosed with diabetes. The results also revealed high risk (OR = 1.649, 95%CI = 1.1108, 2.4486) of HBP among those who have formal education. The risk (OR = 1.009, 95% CI = 1.0044, 1.0137) of HBP increases with increasing weight and a reduced risk (OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.9921, 0.9993) of HBP with increasing height. We found that sad experience, either mild, moderate or severe, is associated with a reduced risk of HBP. Those who have vegetable servings at least 2 cups per day have increased risk of HBP and those who have fruits servings at least 2 cups per day is associated with a reduced risk of HBP, however this is not statistically significant. To achieve success in BP control, programs should be designed with the aim of reducing weight, educate those with formal eduction on issues relating to HBP. Those whose work requires vigorous exercise are recommended to have regular check-ups to ensure that pressure build-up in the lungs is cleared. SBP is lower for women at young age but continue to increase after menopause as their BP increase becomes salt-sensitive. Hence there is need to give more attention to menopausal women so as to improve BP. Both young and old individuals are recommended to practice regular exercise since this has shown to reduce risk of being overweight or becoming diabetic and reduces the risk of HBP at yong age and old age. Also, to improve blood pressure control, programs for management of blood pressure or hypertension should focus more short stature individuals since such people are more likely to experience HBP.

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“…Every year nearly 9.5 million cases of hypertension are recorded. 3 The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 stated that as many as 1.13 billion people in the world have hypertension. The number of hypertension sufferers is estimated at 1.5 billion people in 2025 and an estimated 10.44 million people die from hypertension each year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordinal Regression Model to Predict Hypertension

Suharmanto

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Introduction: Hypertension in the world and Indonesia has been increasing every year. Hypertension can be prevented by controlling risky behaviors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Aim: This study aims to predict hypertension using an ordinal regression model. Materials and Method: This research is an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in Jati Agung Subdistrict, South Lampung in 2021. The measuring instrument used a questionnaire and measured blood pressure. The study population was all people over 50 years of age, with a total sample of 92 people. The independent variables include age, gender, education, job status, consumption of fatty foods, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking behavior. The dependent variable in this study was hypertension. The analysis used was univariate and multivariate using ordinal regression models. Results: The analysis found that most of the respondents were aged 61-70 years, women, elementary education level, did not work, rarely ate fatty foods, had enough physical activity, did not drink alcohol, did not smoke, and was categorized as level-1 hypertension. Multivariate analysis used regression. ordinal, it was found that the variables associated with hypertension were gender (p = 0.034) and consumption of fatty foods (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The variables associated with hypertension are gender and consumption of fatty foods.

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Hypertension Prevalence Based on Blood Pressure Measurements on Two vs. One Visits: A Community-Based Screening Programme and a Narrative Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Mixed effects logistic regression analysis of blood pressure among Ghanaians and associated risk factors

Ordinal Regression Model to Predict Hypertension

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