Hypertension perspectives and health behaviors of African youth: The effect of health education and employment

Abstract

In South Africa between 1998 and 2016, hypertension rates in young adults (15-34 years) more than doubled calling for preventive interventions. However, with many youth unemployed, young adults struggle to prioritize health or implement healthy behaviors. We conducted six focus group discussions comparing hypertension-related beliefs and behaviors between NEET youth (n=20; not in employment, education or training) and previously NEET youth on a health-focused learnership (n=20). While all youth viewed hypertension as life threatening leading to cardiovascular disease or death, especially if left untreated, only youth undertaking health education felt empowered to implement healthy behaviors for disease prevention. In contrast, NEET youth felt hypertension was inevitable and described negative experiences at clinics and fear of lifelong medication use if diagnosed as reasons not to be screened. Our results suggest that engaging NEET youth in culturally appropriate health education programs can motivate preventive health behavior for chronic diseases such as hypertension.