Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Du, Yanbin; Zhou, Nan; Zha, Wenting; Lv, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.009

Cited by 106 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…But the studies have not yet confirmed this pathophysiological mechanism (Savoia et al, 2021). Our study has shown congruence with the recently conducted meta-analysis of hypertension as a risk factor which concluded that hypertension is an independent factor for increased risk of critical COVID-19 mortality, and it also reports an increase in in-hospital mortality (Du et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Burden and Associated Factors of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman

Al-Marbouai¹,

Ullah²,

Al-Nafisi³

et al. 2021

GJHS

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The Coronavirus disease 2019, is a global pandemic that has brought a significant health challenge all over the world. Oman reported its first case of COVID-19 on 24 February 2020. Understanding patient characteristics and demand on the healthcare system is essential to ensuring Oman can continue to provide high quality care. The aim of this study is to describe the burden of COVID-19 and associated factors for more severe disease in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman. We retrieved demographic and clinical data from electronic medical records for all COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed patients in Al-Buraimi Governorate from February 1 to August 31, 2020. We assessed the factors for hospitalization and outcome (recovery/death) using descriptive statistics, chi-square test/fisher exact test, spearman’s correlation, and multivariable logistic regression model in Epi info 7, Microsoft excel and SPSS software (p ≤ 0.05 significance level). A total of 977 COVID-19 patients were identified, with a prevalence rate of 8.4 per 1000 in Al-Buraimi Governorate. The male: female ratio was 3.1:1. Of COVID-19 patients, 11.7% were hospitalized, and 1.5% died. Diabetes (12.2%) and hypertension (10.8%) were the most prevalent chronic conditions among COVID-19 patients. Older patients (>60 years old) and those with comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension) were prone to hospitalization (p <0.001), intensive care (p <0.001), and death (p <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that these risk factors were significantly associated with hospital admission (OR= 5.905, 95% CI 3.923–8.889; p <0.001), ICU admission (OR= 4.363, 95% CI 1.952–9.750; p <0.001), and death (OR= 6.785, 95% CI 2.295–20.062; p<0.001). A higher incidence of cases were observed among men and Omanis. Public health messaging for COVID-19 prevention should be tailored to inform these groups to slow the spread. Our findings are consistent with other studies, and local healthcare providers should be informed of the risk for severe disease among older patients and those with comorbidities, importance of early diagnosis, and prompt treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Burden and Associated Factors of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman

Al-Marbouai¹,

Ullah²,

Al-Nafisi³

et al. 2021

GJHS

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“…In Saudi Arabia, there was no previous national report on the general public, blood donors, or residual samples. Studies on HCWs in Saudi Arabia showed that the seroprevalence is 24% in in Madinah city [ 23 ] and 2.36% nationally [ 24 ]. Our data on HCWs sampled from two of the COVID-19 leading hospitals in the Capital Riyadh showed a rate of 7.5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia

Alharbi¹,

Alghnam²,

Algaissi³

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Background Estimated seroprevalence of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a critical evidence for a better evaluation of the virus spread and monitoring the progress of COVID-19 pandemic in a population. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence has been reported in specific regions, but an extensive nationwide study has not been reported. Here, we report a nationwide study to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the population of KSA during the pandemic, using serum samples from healthy blood donors, non-COVID patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in six different regions of the kingdom, with addition samples from COVID-19 patients. Methods A total of 11,703 serum samples were collected from different regions of the KSA including; 5395 samples from residual healthy blood donors (D); 5877 samples from non-COVID patients collected through residual sera at clinical biochemistry labs from non-COVID patients (P); and 400 samples from consented HCWs. To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, all serum samples, in addition to positive control sera from RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients, were subjected to in-house ELISA with a sample pooling strategy, which was further validated by testing individual samples that make up some of the pools, with a statistical estimation method to report seroprevalence estimates. Results Overall (combining D and P groups) seroprevalence estimate was around 11% in Saudi Arabia; and was 5.1% (Riyadh), 1.5% (Jazan), 18.4% (Qassim), 20.8% (Hail), 14.7% (ER; Alahsa), and 18.8% in Makkah. Makkah samples were only D group and had a rate of 24.4% and 12.8% in the cities of Makkah and Jeddah, respectively. The seroprevalence in Saudi Arabia across the sampled areas would be 12 times the reported COVID-19 infection rate. Among HCWs, 7.5% (4.95–10.16 CI 95%) had reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 without reporting any previously confirmed infection. This was higher in HCWs with hypertension. The study also presents the demographics and prevalence of co-morbidities in HCWs and subset of non-COVID-19 population. Interpretation Our study estimates the overall national serological prevalence of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia to be 11%, with an apparent disparity between regions. This indicates the prevalence of asymptomatic or mild unreported COVID-19 cases.

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“…For instance, U.S. men have higher rates of coronary artery disease (36,37), diabetes (38), and liver disease (38), which are risk factors for COVID-19-related severe outcomes (39). Men in the U.S. also have higher rates of hypertension (40), which some studies have indicated may also be a risk factor for COVID-19-related severe outcomes (39,41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Population-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality Across the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Sex in the United States

Chen

Belin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Males and certain racial/ethnic minority groups have borne a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 mortality in the United States, and substantial scientific research has sought to quantify and characterize population-level disparities in COVID-19 mortality outcomes by sex and across categories of race/ethnicity. However, there has not yet been a national population-level study to quantify disparities in COVID-19 mortality outcomes across the intersection of these demographic dimensions. Here, we analyze a publicly available dataset from the National Center for Health Statistics comprising COVID-19 death counts stratified by race/ethnicity, sex, and age for the year 2020, calculating mortality rates for each race/ethnicity-sex-age stratum and age-adjusted mortality rates for each race/ethnicity-sex stratum, quantifying disparities in terms of mortality rate ratios and rate differences. Our results reveal persistently higher COVID-19 age-adjusted mortality rates for males compared to females within every racial/ethnic group, with notable variation in the magnitudes of the sex disparity by race/ethnicity. However, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native females have higher age-adjusted mortality rates than non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander males. Moreover, persistent racial/ethnic disparities are observed among both males and females, with higher COVID-19 age-adjusted mortality rates observed for non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Natives relative to non-Hispanic Whites.

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Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Cited by 106 publications

References 41 publications

Burden and Associated Factors of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman

Burden and Associated Factors of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman

Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia

National Population-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality Across the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Sex in the United States

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