Hypertension in adolescents

Aglony, Marlene; Acevedo, Mónica; Ambrosio, Giuseppe

doi:10.1586/erc.09.150

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This might be because the hypertensive phenomenon generated in childhood and not detected in time could induce structural vascular alterations, which could cause the hypertension to become fixed, independent of the cause. 7,40,41 This has been observed previously in obese children, 42 who showed increases in the intima media thickness, impaired endothelial function, and elevated plasma markers of endothelial activation and injury, suggest- Na indicates serum sodium; K, serum potassium; PRA, plasma renin activity; ARR, aldosterone to PRA ratio; 18OHF, 18-hydroxycortisol; ND, not determined.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

A New Presentation of the Chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 Gene With Low Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism and Atypical Gene Segregation Pattern

Carvajal

Campino²,

Martínez‐Aguayo³

et al. 2012

Hypertension

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Abstract-Familial hyperaldosteronism type I is caused by an unequal crossover of 11␤-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) genes, giving rise to a chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene (CG). We describe a family carrying a CG with high levels of free 18-hydroxycortisol but low prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) and an atypical CG inheritance pattern in a family of 4 generations with 16 adults and 13 children, we measured the arterial blood pressure, serum aldosterone, and plasma renin activity and then calculated the serum aldosterone:plasma renin activity ratio and urinary free 18-hydroxycortisol. We identified the CG by long-extension PCR and predicted its inheritance pattern. The CG was found in 24 of 29 subjects (10 children and 14 adults). In CGϩ patients, hypertension and high 18-hydroxycortisol were prevalent (83% and 100%, respectively). High serum aldosterone:plasma renin activity ratio was more frequent in pediatric than adult patients (80% versus 36%; PϽ0.001). An inverse association between serum aldosterone:plasma renin activity ratio and age was observed (rϭϪ0.48; Pϭ0.018). Sequence analysis identified the CYP11B1/CYP11B2 crossover in a 50-bp region spanning intron 3 of CYP11B1 and exon 4 of CYP11B2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

A New Presentation of the Chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 Gene With Low Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism and Atypical Gene Segregation Pattern

Carvajal

Campino²,

Martínez‐Aguayo³

et al. 2012

Hypertension

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“…The study subjects are Children in the age group 13-17 years attending high schools (class 8-10) or higher secondary schools (class [11][12] in Thiruvananthapuram City Corporation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past few decades it has been shown that the prevalence of hypertension in children has increased as reported by various studies. 10,11 Much of the increase has been attributed to the increase in essential hypertension. This shows that an epidemiological transition is taking place from the rare secondary hypertension to the now common primary hypertension among the children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescent school children in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Lawrence

Areekal

Nair

et al. 2016

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background:The foundations of hypertension in a person are laid in childhood and adolescence. The phenomenon of tracking of blood pressure is one where those children and adolescents who are in a high blood pressure category tend to fall in the same category when they become adults. Early diagnosis of hypertension and prehypertension in children and adolescents will help in reducing the prevalence of hypertension and its complications in the future adult population of any country. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among school children 13-17 years in Thiruvananthapuram City Corporation, Kerala. Methods: A two stage sampling technique was applied; in the first stage the schools were stratified as government, aided and unaided schools using probability proportionate to size. In the second stage, from the selected schools one division or class from each standard was identified at random as a cluster and all the eligible children in the selected cluster were studied. A single BP measurement was taken using a standardized digital sphygmomanometer (OMRON IA1). Hypertension and prehypertension was defined as per national high blood pressure education program (USA), working group on hypertension control in children and adolescents blood pressure tables. The data was entered in MS excel and further analysis was done using SPSS 16.0 version software and proportions of outcomes were analyzed. Results: The total number of children studied were 2438, Boys 1274 (52.3%, 95% CI 50.28-54.32) and girls 1164 (47.7%, 95% CI 45.68-49.72). The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 21.4% (95% CI 19.64% -22.96%). The overall prevalence of systolic hypertension is slightly high among the girls (19.4%) than the boys (18.2%), (P value>0.05). The prevalence of pre-hypertension among the study subjects was 21.3 % (19.65-22.95%). The prevalence of systolic pre-hypertension was found to be 21.4% (95% CI 19.74%-23.06%) and diastolic prehypertension 5.3% (95% CI 4.4%-6.2%). Conclusions:The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 42.6%. These facts show us that preventive interventions are urgent.

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“…Adölesanlardaki HT'un erişkin hayattaki HT'u belirgin olarak arttırdığı gösterilmiştir (10). Adölesan HT'undaki bu artışa bağlı olarak erişkinlerde koroner arter hastalığı prevalansının önümüzdeki 25 yıl içinde %5-15 artacağı öngörülmektedir.…”

Section: çOcukluk çAğı Obezitesinde Hipertansiyon Mekanizmalarıunclassified

Mechanisms of Hypertension in Childhood Obesity

Akçaboy¹,

Buyan²

2016

Turkish J Pediatr Dis

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Dünya genelinde 1990 ile 2010 yılları arasında fazla kiloluluk ve obezite prevalansının %2.5 oranında arttığı raporlanmıştır (3).Hipertansiyon (HT) ise bütün dünyada prevalans ve insidansı giderek artmakta olan diğer önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Hipertansiyon ile birlikte eşlik eden komorbiditeler artmakta ve bütün dünyada erken ölümlere ve kardiyovasküler ve serebrovasküler sistem hastalıklarına yol açmaktadır (4).Çocukluk yaş grubunda HT prevalansının bütün dünyada global olarak arttığı bildirilmekle birlikte bu oranı dünya genelinde GİRİŞGelişmekte olan ülkelerden alınan sosyoekonomik ve demografik veriler, halen devam eden beslenme yetersizliği ve malnütrisyon sorunlarına rağmen obezite sıklığında bir artışın olduğunu düşündürmektedir (1). Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde son on yılda obezite prevalansı %2.3'ten, %19.6'a kadar artmıştır. Orta Doğu, Çin ve Pasifik Adaları'nda üç kat artış bildirilmiştir. Obezite sadece yüksek sosyoekonomik sınıfın değil, düşük sosyoekonomik sınıfın da önemli sorunu haline gelmiştir (2). ÖzETHipertansiyon, çağımızın önemli mortalite ve morbidite yaratan sorunlarının başında gelmektedir. Obezite, genetik faktör-ler zemininde çevresel etki ile artmaktadır. Çocukluk çağında esansiyel hipertansiyon, obezitedeki global artış nedeniyle belirgin artış göstermektedir. Obezite ve hipertansiyonun birlikteliği ise çalışmalarda kanıtlanmıştır. Obez hastalardaki hipertansiyon nedenleri ise birden fazla faktöre bağlı olarak bulunmuştur. Obez hastalarda eşlik eden hiperinsülinemi ve insülin direncinin; hiperleptinineminin; böbrekte eşlik eden yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişikliklerin; inflamasyon ve oksidatif stresin; endotel disfonksiyonunun; santral sinir sistemi aktivasyonunun; eşlik edebilen obstrüktif uyku apnesinin; fruktoz içeren gıda tüketimindeki artışının; ürik asit yüksekliğinin ve nitrik oksit mekanizmasındaki değişikliklerin, hipertansiyon patofizyolojisinde önemli rol aldığı bilinmektedir. Patofizyolojide yer alan mekanizmalar hastaların tedavi ve izleminde önemli ipuçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Obez çocuklar, önlem alınmaz ise erişkin hayatlarında hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıkları ve serebrovasküler sistem hastalıkları ve bu durumların birlikte getirdiği morbidite ve mortalite riski ile karşı karşıya olacaklardır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Çocuk, Hipertansiyon, Obezite ABSTRAcTHypertension is one of the major and predisposing causes of morbidity and mortality of our age. Obesity is increasing due to the effect of environmental factors on a genetic basis. Essential hypertension is increasing day by day in childhood, a result of the prominent increase in childhood obesity. It is well known that obesity and hypertension are strongly related. The mechanism of hypertension in obesity has been found to be multifactorial. The major mechanisms involved in hypertension are hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance; hyperleptinemia; functional and structural changes of the kidneys; inflammation and oxidative stress; endothelial dysfunction; overactivation of the central nervous system; obstru...

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Hypertension in adolescents

Cited by 21 publications

References 79 publications

A New Presentation of the Chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 Gene With Low Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism and Atypical Gene Segregation Pattern

A New Presentation of the Chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 Gene With Low Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism and Atypical Gene Segregation Pattern

Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescent school children in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Mechanisms of Hypertension in Childhood Obesity

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