Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes—The Novel Treatment Possibilities

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure and hyperglycaemia frequently coexist and are both components of metabolic syndrome. Enhanced cardiovascular risk is strongly associated with diabetes and the occurrence of hypertension. Both hypertension and type 2 diabetes, if treated inappropriately, lead to serious complications, increasing the mortality of patients and generating much higher costs of health systems. This is why it is of great importance to find the missing link between hypertension and diabetes development and to simultaneously search for drugs influencing these two disorders or even drugs aimed at their pathological bases. Standard antihypertensive therapy mainly focuses on blood pressure reduction, while novel drugs also possess a wide range of pleiotropic modes of actions, such as cardio- and nephroprotective properties or body weight reduction. These properties are especially desirable in a situation when type 2 diabetes coexists with hypertension. This review describes the connections between diabetes and hypertension development and briefly summarises the current knowledge regarding attempts to define targets for the treatment of high blood pressure in diabetic patients. It also describes the standard hypotensive drugs preferred in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as novel drugs, such as finerenone, esaxerenone, sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and sacubitril/valsartan.

Individuelle Behandlung bei Glaukompatienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus

“…Sollte jedoch ein weiterer Wirkstoff benötigt werden, so sollte das Anwenden eines Betablockers kritisch hinterfragt werden. Bei der Blutdruckeinstellung von Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten gilt die Empfehlung, Betablocker nicht als Mittel der ersten Wahl anzuwenden, da sie den Lipidhaushalt im Blut stören und die Insulinsensitivität herabsetzen können [27].…”

“…However, if another active substance is required, the use of a beta blocker should be reviewed carefully. The recommendation is that beta blockers should not be taken as first-line agents to control blood pressure in patients with diabetes mellitus, as they can disturb lipid balance in the blood and reduce insulin sensitivity [27].…”

Individuelle Behandlung bei Glaukompatienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus

“…Bei der Blutdruckeinstellung von Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten gilt die Empfehlung, Betablocker nicht als Mittel der ersten Wahl anzuwenden, da sie den Lipidhaushalt im Blut stören und die Insulinsensitivität herabsetzen können 27 .…”

Edukasi Kesehatan Penyakit Tidak Menular dan Senam Hipertensi pada Masyarakat Usia Dewasa di Desa Glagahwero Jember

“…Pendidikan kesehatan dan pelatihan senam hipertensi dapat menurunkan tekanan darah dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderitanya (Pratiwi et al, 2023). Dikarenakan peningkatan tekanan darah dan kadar gula darah sering terjadi secara bersamaan (Przezak et al, 2022).…”