Hypertension and related diseases in the era of COVID-19: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Task Force on COVID-19

Shibata, Shigeru; Arima, Hisatomi; Asayama, Kei; Hoshide, Satoshi; Ichihara, Atsuhiro; Ishimitsu, Toshihiko; Kario, Kazuomi; Kishi, Takuya; Mogi, Masaki; Nishiyama, Akira; Ohishi, Mitsuru; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Tamura, Kouichi; Tanaka, Masami; Yamamoto, Eiichiro; Yamamoto, Kōichi; Itoh, Hiroshi

doi:10.1038/s41440-020-0515-0

Cited by 156 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Given the potential benefit of ACE2 in regulating organ function, including that of skeletal muscles, attention has also been paid to the modulation of ACE2 expression or activity via pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Regarding pharmacological modulation, while inhibitors of RAS, AT1 blockers (ARB), and ACE inhibitors have been shown to increase the expression or activity of several organs including the heart, kidney and arteries [2,140], no previous report supports the increase in ACE2 by these drugs in skeletal muscle. A study reported that pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, increased the protein expression of ACE2 in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in rats fed with a high-fat diet [141].…”

Section: Pharmacological or Non-pharmacological Modulation Of Ace2 Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19

2020

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Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein recently recognised as the entry receptor of the virus causing COVID-19. In the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which is considered to exert cellular responses to counteract the activation of the RAS primarily through a receptor, Mas, in multiple organs including skeletal muscle. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence suggesting that Ang 1-7 modulates multiple signalling pathways leading to protection from pathological muscle remodelling and muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, there is relatively little evidence to support the protective role of ACE2 in skeletal muscle. The potential contribution of endogenous ACE2 to the regulation of Ang 1-7-mediated protection of these muscle pathologies is discussed in this review. Recent studies have suggested that ACE2 protects against ageing-associated muscle wasting (sarcopenia) through its function to modulate molecules outside of the RAS. Thus, the potential association of sarcopenia with ACE2 and the associated molecules outside of RAS is also presented herein. Further, we introduce the transcriptional regulation of muscle ACE2 by drugs or exercise, and briefly discuss the potential role of ACE2 in the development of COVID-19.

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Section: Pharmacological or Non-pharmacological Modulation Of Ace2 Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19

2020

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“…Comorbid diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are known to increase the severity of COVID-19 1 4) . Hypertension has also been reported to be associated with severe or critical disease in several studies 5 6 7) . It is presumed that the relationship between hypertension and severity of COVID-19 is related to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) 7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Hypertension has also been reported to be associated with severe or critical disease in several studies 5 6 7) . It is presumed that the relationship between hypertension and severity of COVID-19 is related to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) 7) . The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 and causes depletion and downregulation of ACE2 8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypertension and Electrolyte Disorders in Patients with COVID-19

Lim

Jung

Choi

et al. 2020

Electrolyte Blood Press

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“…Since ACEIs and ARBs can significantly increase ACE2 expression, several researchers speculate that they are correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19. Moreover, renin-angiotensin inhibitors are commonly used to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases who have an increased mortality risk during COVID-19 epidemics ( 31 ). Diabetes is the third most common potential comorbidity among patients with COVID-19.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

Siddique

Abbas²,

Mansoor

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranks third in terms of fatal coronavirus diseases threatening public health, coming after SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) causes COVID-19. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the current outbreak of COVID-19 is the sixth global health emergency. As of December 3, 2020, 64 million people worldwide have been affected by this malaise, and the global economy has experienced a loss of more than $1 trillion. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus. The high nucleotide sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with the BatCoV RaTG13 genome has indicated that bats could be the possible host of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the host cell via binding its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is similar to the mechanisms of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. COVID-19 can spread from person to person via respiratory droplets and airborne and contaminated fomites. Moreover, it poses a significant risk to smokers, the elderly, immunocompromised people, and those with preexisting comorbidities. Two main approaches are used to control viral infections, namely, vaccination, and biosecurity. Studies to analyze the antigenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates are underway, and few vaccines may be available in the near future. In the current situation, the Human Biosecurity Emergency (HBE) may be the only way to cope effectively with the novel SARS-CoV-2 strain. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the origin of COVID-19 as well as its epidemiological relationship with humans and animals, genomic resemblance, immunopathogenesis, clinical-laboratory signs, diagnosis, control and prevention, and treatment. Moreover, we discuss the interventional effects of various nutrients on COVID-19 in detail. However, multiple possibilities are explored to fight COVID-19, and the greatest efforts targeted toward finding an effective vaccine in the near future. Furthermore, antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids, both synthetic and natural, could play a crucial role in the fight against COVID-19.

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Hypertension and related diseases in the era of COVID-19: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Task Force on COVID-19

Cited by 156 publications

References 177 publications

ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19

ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19

Hypertension and Electrolyte Disorders in Patients with COVID-19

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

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