Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Cause and Consequence – Therapeutic Considerations

Morgado, Elsa; Neves, Pedro Leão

doi:10.5772/36916

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Hypertension, which is present in~80-85 % of CKD patients [4,5], is a powerful indicator of CVD and an independent risk factor for disease progression both in adult and in pediatric patients with CKD [5,7]. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and CVD in CKD, including sodium retention and fluid overload due to defects in the pressure natriuresis relationship, activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) [8,9,10•], sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity [9, 11, 12••, 13••], autonomic dysfunction [13••, 14, 15], endogenous and environmental stress [5,16], impaired endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial calcification [17,18], thus highlighting a complex interplay of neural, hormonal, and vascular mechanisms linking kidney disease to high blood pressure (BP) and the associated cardiovascular problems that consequently arise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: a Comprehensive Review

Salman

2015

Curr Hypertens Rep

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Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), likely contributing to the high incidence of cardiovascular mortality in this patient population. In addition to adrenergic overdrive in affected individuals, clinical and experimental evidence now strongly indicates the presence of impaired reflex control of both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to the heart and vasculature. Although the principal underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, potential involvements of altered baroreceptor, cardiopulmonary, and chemoreceptor reflex function, along with factors including but not limited to increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, activation of the renal afferents and cardiovascular structural remodeling have been suggested. This review therefore analyzes potential mechanisms underpinning autonomic imbalance in CKD, covers results accumulated thus far on cardiovascular autonomic function studies in clinical and experimental renal failure, discusses the role of current interventional and therapeutic strategies in ameliorating autonomic deficits associated with chronic renal dysfunction, and identifies gaps in our knowledge of neural mechanisms driving cardiovascular disease in CKD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: a Comprehensive Review

Salman

2015

Curr Hypertens Rep

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“…Moreover, the kidney also maintains liquid balance, electrolytes and salt in the body (Anyanwu et al, 2017;Aboonabi et al, 2014;Dollah et al, 2013;Brzoska et al, 2003). Kidneys often face the problem of toxicity if the human body were extremely exposed to anti-nutritional substances (Morgado & Neves, 2012;Tomino, 2014). As a consequence, the possibility of pathological changes is immensely high (Noori et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Study of White Rats Kidney Following The Consumption of Obat Pahit From Riau Archipelago

et al. 2019

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Obat Pahit from Lingga Malay ethnic is a traditional medicine which has believed by the local people to maintain the body stamina (immunomodulators and antioxidants). This study aimed to investigate the effect of Obat Pahit Potion on kidney histological structure of white male rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was an experimental study with a Randomized Complete Block Design consisted of 15 treatments and 3 replications. The experiment groups consisted of control groups (Stimuno, distilled water, and CMC-Na 1%) and three treatment groups of Obat Pahit Potion (Kalan, SP4, Linau) with 4 different dosages. The samples of a kidney of white rats were prepared for histological observation using paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The results of this study showed that three kinds of Obat Pahit with four different dosages showed the expansion of glomerular cells on kidney tissue. Damage that occurs in the kidneys is still in small amounts and normal range which is less than 25%. The results of this study provide information for the society that the consumption of Obat Pahit Potion will not cause toxicity effect on the kidney.

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“…Hypertension alters the systemic and renal micro and macro vasculature; it leads to the damage of renal auto-regulation with raise of intraglomerular capillary pressure and the resulting hyperfiltration mediated renal injury. And also hypertension activates the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, which increases the release of cytokines and stimulates apoptosis and induces interstitial fibrosis in kidney 12 . Diabetes is the one primary risk factor of kidney disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

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Quality of life is an essential measure that proves the effectiveness of health care, health level, and well-being. Kidney diseases are one of the major health problems that affect Quality of life. This study aimed to assess the quality of life in dialysis (CRF-D) and non-dialysis (CRF-ND) chronic renal failure (CRF) patients using Kidney Disease Quality of Life-short form (KDQOL-SF TM ) and identify the differences in disease symptoms between these two groups. 200 CRF patients were included in the study. Our findings showed that some symptom burden was higher in the non-dialysis group compared to the dialysis group, but most of the symptoms did not reach statistical significance. Similarly, our results indicate no differences in quality of life and symptoms between CRF patients with dialysis and without dialysis.

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Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Cause and Consequence – Therapeutic Considerations

Cited by 19 publications

References 162 publications

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: a Comprehensive Review

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: a Comprehensive Review

Histological Study of White Rats Kidney Following The Consumption of Obat Pahit From Riau Archipelago

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