Hypertension &amp; dementia: Pathophysiology &amp; potential utility of antihypertensives in reducing disease burden

Lyon, Mara; Fullerton, Josie L.; Kennedy, Simon; Work, Lorraine M.

doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108575

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…These findings conflict with previous results and especially with the recognized role of hypertension in the etiology of vascular dementia, being linked to cerebral small vessel disease, a primary cause of lacunar stroke and a noteworthy contributor to vascular-related cognitive impairment [ 48 ]. However, it must be noted that the evidence about hypertension in younger adults and in older adults aged ≥80 years is much more limited, with hypertension occurring later in life being linked to a lower risk of developing dementia [ 49 , 50 ]. Nonetheless, our different results were likely related to our selection criteria, which excluded cases with cognitive impairment within a coexisting condition causing motor deficits, such as stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Factors and the Risk of Dementia: An Italian Case–Control Study

Mazzoli,

Chiari,

Vitolo

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Dementia is a major neurologic syndrome characterized by severe cognitive decline, and it has a detrimental impact on overall physical health, leading to conditions such as frailty, changes in gait, and fall risk. Depending on whether symptoms occur before or after the age of 65, it can be classified as early-onset (EOD) or late-onset (LOD) dementia. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of cardiovascular factors on EOD and LOD risk in an Italian population. Using a case–control study design, EOD and LOD cases were recruited at the Modena Cognitive Neurology Centers in 2016–2019. Controls were recruited among caregivers of all the dementia cases. Information about their demographics, lifestyles, and medical history were collected through a tailored questionnaire. We used the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the EOD and LOD risk associated with the investigated factors after adjusting for potential confounders. Of the final 146 participants, 58 were diagnosed with EOD, 34 with LOD, and 54 were controls. According to their medical history, atrial fibrillation was associated with increased disease risk (ORs 1.90; 95% CI 0.32–11.28, and 3.64; 95% CI 0.32–41.39 for EOD and LOD, respectively). Dyslipidemia and diabetes showed a positive association with EOD, while the association was negative for LOD. We could not evaluate the association between myocardial infarction and EOD, while increased risk was observed for LOD. No clear association emerged for carotid artery stenosis or valvular heart disease. In this study, despite the limited number of exposed subjects and the high imprecision of the estimates, we found positive associations between cardiovascular disease, particularly dyslipidemia, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, and EOD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Factors and the Risk of Dementia: An Italian Case–Control Study

Mazzoli,

Chiari,

Vitolo

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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“…Recent research suggests that vascular aging contributes, at least in part, to the onset of dementia, a finding substantiated in various subtypes of the condition ( Andersson and Stone, 2023 ; Raz et al, 2016 ). High-risk factors such as hypertension are significant contributors to vascular damage ( Lyon et al, 2024 ). Autopsies indicate that over half of those aged 65 and older exhibit small vessel disease ( Hainsworth et al, 2024 ), underscoring the importance of mitigating risk factors that contribute to cerebrovascular and cumulative brain damage as a strategy for preventing dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saponin components in Polygala tenuifolia as potential candidate drugs for treating dementia

Li,

Hou,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the intervention effects of saponin components from Polygala tenuifolia Willd (Polygalaceae) on dementia, providing experimental evidence and new insights for the research and application of saponins in the field of dementia.Materials and MethodsThis review is based on a search of the PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar databases from their inception to 13 May 2024, using terms such as “P. tenuifolia,” “P. tenuifolia and saponins,” “toxicity,” “dementia,” “Alzheimer’s disease,” “Parkinson’s disease dementia,” and “vascular dementia.” The article summarizes the saponin components of P. tenuifolia, including tenuigenin, tenuifolin, polygalasaponins XXXII, and onjisaponin B, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia. Importantly, it highlights the potential mechanisms by which the active components of P. tenuifolia prevent and treat diseases and relevant clinical studies.ResultsThe saponin components of P. tenuifolia can reduce β-amyloid accumulation, exhibit antioxidant effects, regulate neurotransmitters, improve synaptic function, possess anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, and modulate autophagy. Therefore, P. tenuifolia may play a role in the prevention and treatment of dementia.ConclusionThe saponin components of P. tenuifolia have shown certain therapeutic effects on dementia. They can prevent and treat dementia through various mechanisms.

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Pharmacological effects of MT-1207 in bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension and its hypotensive targets validation

Tian,

Wei,

Wang

et al. 2024

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Hypertension & dementia: Pathophysiology & potential utility of antihypertensives in reducing disease burden

Cited by 8 publications

References 116 publications

Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Factors and the Risk of Dementia: An Italian Case–Control Study

Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Factors and the Risk of Dementia: An Italian Case–Control Study

Saponin components in Polygala tenuifolia as potential candidate drugs for treating dementia

Pharmacological effects of MT-1207 in bilateral renal artery stenosis hypertension and its hypotensive targets validation

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