Hypersonic Flight: Evolution from X-15 to Space Shuttle

Launius, Roger D.

doi:10.2514/6.2003-2716

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Of the 199 X-15 missions, 13 met the United States Air Force requirement of exceeding an altitude of 50 miles, two of which qualified as space flights as an altitude of 100 kilometers (62.1 miles) was achieved. The aircraft was launched from a B-52 and by the end of its missions set the world's unofficial speed and altitude records of 4, 520 mph (Mach 6.7) and 354, 200 feet respectively [8]. Contained in the nearly 700 technical reports attained from the program, valued insights into the aero-heating, structural demands, and pilot feedback from flying at such high speeds and altitudes were invaluable to the growth of hypersonic research in the mid-1900's.…”

Section: Major Breakthrough: the X-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersonic Experimental Aero-thermal Capability Study through Multilevel Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics

Sagerman

2016

34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference

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I would like to thank Barry Hellman for sponsoring this project and giving me the opportunity to learn and grow as an engineer. The tools and concepts I have been exposed to during this project have given me a great set of skills which I will be able to use in my future career. I would not be in this position if it were not for my undergraduate adviser Dr. Aaron Altman. His constant obsession with learning and teaching have inspired me to never be content with the easy answer and to always value the process more than the final result. Dr. Altman is a mentor in every sense of the word and I thank him for the profound impact he made and continues to make on me and many more students like me. I would also like to thank Dave Adamczak, James Tancred, Rebecca Hoffman and Nastasja Dasque for their help mentoring me throughout the process and being willing to answer any questions I had. Without them this project would not have been be a success. Finally, I would like to thank my graduate adviser Dr. Markus Rumpfkeil for his wealth of insight and dedication to my personal learning throughout this project and my academic journey. Whether it be having you as a professor, being your teaching assistant or having you as an adviser, I am truly going to miss working with you as you have been extremely influential in my career. vi

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Section: Major Breakthrough: the X-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersonic Experimental Aero-thermal Capability Study through Multilevel Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics

Sagerman

2016

34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference

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“…These works appear in the form of journal articles, book series, NASA monographs, Air Force reports, textbooks, and periodicals. For example, a limited list of resources examined includes studies attributed to: Hallion, 1-5 Launius, [6][7][8] Bertin, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Curran, 16,17 Murthy, 18,19 Jenkins, 20,21 Billig, [22][23][24][25][26][27] Jacobsen, 28 Walker, [29][30][31][32][33] Lewis, [34][35][36][37][38][39] Starkey, 40 Blankson, [41][42][43][44][45] Marren, 46,47 Paull, 48,49 Anderson, [50][51][52][53][54]…”

Section: Ahimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One exemplary flight program is the X-15 experimental plane which played a key role in validating fundamental hypersonic theories. 6,67,68 Over 700 technical reports resulted from this program and these provided valuable data on: The lessons learned from the X-15 have undoubtedly helped to design the X-20, the Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and many other vehicles. The X-15 also served as a test-bed for carrying science experiments at hypersonic speeds.…”

Section: Flight Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along similar lines, Watillon et al 68 confirm that the first Columbia orbiter flight in 1981 would not have been possible without the previous twenty years of knowledge gained from programs such as the X-15, ASSET, PRIME, and others. As for the actual cost benefit of such a program, it may be best described by historian J. D. Hunley, 6 "A final lesson from the X-15 program is that success comes at a cost. Moreover, this may be a cost that researchers cannot usually predict in exploring the unknown regions of aeronautics and space.…”

Section: Flight Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in 1967, the X-15 suffered the tremendous loss of life and vehicle when USAF Maj. Michael J. Adams lost control of the aircraft during a high-risk mission. 6,67…”

Section: Flight Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current State of High Speed Propulsion: Gaps, Obstacles and Technological Challenges in Hypersonic Applications

Barber

Maicke

Majdalani

2009

45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference &Amp;amp; Exhibit

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The object of this study is to canvas the literature for the purpose of identifying and compiling a list of Gaps, Obstacles, and Technological Challenges in Hypersonic Applications (GOTCHA). The significance of GOTCHA related deficiencies is discussed along with potential solutions, promising approaches, and feasible remedies that may be considered by engineers in pursuit of next generation hypersonic vehicle designs and optimizations. Based on the synthesis of several modern surveys and public reports, a cohesive list is formed consisting of widely accepted areas needing improvement that fall under several general categories. These include: aerodynamics, propulsion, materials, analytical modeling, CFD modeling, and education in high speed flow physics. New methods and lines of research inquiries are suggested such as the homotopy-based analysis (HAM) for the treatment of strong nonlinearities, the use of improved turbulence models and unstructured grids in numerical simulations, the need for accessible validation data, and the refinement of mission objectives for Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion (HAP).

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Hypersonic Flight: Evolution from X-15 to Space Shuttle

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Hypersonic Experimental Aero-thermal Capability Study through Multilevel Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics

Hypersonic Experimental Aero-thermal Capability Study through Multilevel Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics

Current State of High Speed Propulsion: Gaps, Obstacles and Technological Challenges in Hypersonic Applications

Review of sustainable energy carriers for aviation: Benefits, challenges, and future viability

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