Hypersensitivity Reactions and Specific Antibodies in Workers Exposed to Industrial Enzymes at a Biotechnology Plant

Biagini, Raymond E.; Driscoll, Richard; Bernstein, David I.; Wilcox, T.G.; Henningsen, Gerry M.; MacKenzie, Barbara A.; Burr, Gregory A.; Scinto, J.; Baumgardner, Eric S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199603)16:2<139::aid-jat321>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…True subtilisins derived from bacteria are among the best characterized of the subtilase enzyme family. Subtilisin Carlsberg (alcalase) produced by Bacillus licheniformis is frequently used in detergent formulations, and allergic respiratory reactions to alcalase have been reported among exposed factory workers (12,88). More recently, a novel subtilisin homologue with IgE antibody binding properties derived from the fungus Penicillium citrinum was identified (110).…”

Section: Trichophyton Allergens: a Role For Enzymatic Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Woodfolk

2005

Clin Microbiol Rev

144

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Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) and onychomycosis (infection of the toenails) caused by the dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton are highly prevalent in adults. Several Trichophyton allergens have been identified based on elicitation of immunoglobulin E antibody-mediated immediate-hypersensitivity (IH) responses. Evidence of an etiologic role for Trichophyton in asthma in some subjects with IH and chronic dermatophytosis is provided by bronchial reactivity to Trichophyton. Improvement of asthma after systemic antifungal treatment corroborates this link. A unique feature of Trichophyton allergens is the ability of the same antigen to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in individuals who lack IH reactivity. Delayed responses appear to confer protection, while IH responses do not, based on the association with acute versus chronic skin infection. The amino acid sequence identity of Trichophyton allergens with diverse enzyme families supports a dual role for these proteins in fungal pathogenesis and allergic disease. Characterizing the immunologic properties of Trichophyton allergens and defining immune mechanisms which drive dichotomous responses are pivotal to understanding the dermatophyte-allergy relationship. Recent studies have identified DTH-associated major T-cell epitopes which could facilitate the development of peptide vaccines. Characterization of additional molecular targets by using new techniques may aid not only in the eradication of infection but also in the resolution of allergic symptoms

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Section: Trichophyton Allergens: a Role For Enzymatic Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Woodfolk

2005

Clin Microbiol Rev

144

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“…Subtilisin Carlsberg (Alcalase), a class A subtilase produced by Bacillus licheniformis, is one of several subtilases used in detergent formulations. Soon after the initiation of large-scale production of enzyme-containing detergents, allergic respiratory reactions to the enzyme components were noted among factory workers (44,45). Thus, Tri r 2 is a member of the same enzyme family as an antigen previously related to asthma.…”

Section: Demonstration Of the Immune Response To Tri R 2-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichophyton Antigens Associated with IgE Antibodies and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Woodfolk¹,

Wheatley²,

Piyasena³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton exhibits unique immunologic properties by its ability to cause both immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity. An 83-kDa Trichophyton tonsurans allergen (Tri t 4) was previously shown to elicit distinct T lymphocyte cytokine profiles in vitro. The homologous protein, Tri r 4, was cloned from a Trichophyton rubrum cDNA library, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. This 726-amino acid protein contained an arrangement of catalytic triad residues characteristic of the prolyl oligopeptidase family of serine proteinases (Ser-Asp-His). In addition, a novel Trichophyton allergen, encoding 412 amino acids, was identified by its human IgE antibody-binding activity. Sequence similarity searches showed that this allergen, designated Tri r 2, contained all of the conserved residues characteristic of the class D subtilase subfamily (41-58% overall sequence identity). Forty-two percent of subjects with immediate hypersensitivity skin test reactions to a Trichophyton extract exhibited IgE antibody binding to a recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the carboxyl-terminal 289 amino acids of Tri r 2. Furthermore, this antigen was capable of inducing delayed type hypersensitivity skin test reactions. Our results define two distinct antigens derived from the dermatophyte Trichophyton that serve as targets for diverse immune responses in humans.Dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton colonize keratinized tissues in humans including nails, hair shafts, and the stratum corneum of the skin. Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum are common causes worldwide of tinea capitis, athlete's foot, and onychomycosis (infection of the nail beds) (1). An estimated 30 -70% of adults are asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens, and the incidence of symptomatic disease increases with age (2). The immune response to antigens derived from Trichophyton is unique in that both immediate hypersensitivity (IH) 1 and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test reactions are induced. Studies suggest that the nature of the underlying immune response to Trichophyton antigens is related to the severity of dermatophytosis; IH skin tests are associated with chronic recurrent infections characterized by low-grade inflammatory lesions and the presence of IgE antibodies (Ab) (4 -7). In contrast, DTH reactions are associated with highly inflamed lesions that resolve spontaneously and a resistance to re-infection (4, 8 -13). The implication of these findings is that cellmediated immune responses to Trichophyton are more effective at eradicating infection and may confer protection. Chronic dermatophytosis has been associated with allergic disease in the respiratory tract in individuals with immediate hypersensitivity (14 -17). Furthermore, exposure to Trichophyton proteins may result in bronchial sensitization and symptomatic asthma that can be controlled with systemic antifungal therapy (7,18,19).Experimental mouse models support a role...

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“…We assayed OPA-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in triplicate by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of the immunocomplexes with a labeled immunoglobulin as previously described [Biagini et al 1990;Biagini et al 1996;Crowther 2001]. We assayed specific IgE and IgG at 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of test sera.…”

Section: Ortho-phthalaldehyde-specific Antibody Testingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of ortho-phthalaldehyde in eight healthcare facilities.

2015

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Hypersensitivity Reactions and Specific Antibodies in Workers Exposed to Industrial Enzymes at a Biotechnology Plant

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Allergy and Dermatophytes

Trichophyton Antigens Associated with IgE Antibodies and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity

Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of ortho-phthalaldehyde in eight healthcare facilities.

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