Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Current Concepts of Etiology and Pathogenesis

Lopez, Manuel; Salvaggio, John E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.002321

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…A compilation of fungi and organic dust that have been VOL. 7,1994 on March 21, 2019 by guest http://cmr.asm.org/ Downloaded from implicated in causing the disease can be found in each of several reviews (169,261,352,479). Despite the variety of settings and multiple possible etiologies, similar presenting symptoms and signs in the patients and the typical findings from histopathologic examinations of pulmonary tissues are consistent with a singular pathologic process or disease entity, which has been termed hypersensitivity pneumonitis.…”

Section: Opportunistic Pathogenic Actinomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes.

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Section: Opportunistic Pathogenic Actinomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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“…19], In some animals, bronchiolar fibrosis also was present. Furthermore, destructive lesions of the respiratory bronchioles resem bling those seen in human centriacinar em physema were also noted [1,19], Based upon these data, it seems reasonable to pos tulate that airflow limitation would occur predominantly in the peripheral airways in subjects with obstructive lung disease due to pigeon antigens. Since reduced IVE MAXj0 values are consistent with a pre dominantly peripheral site of flow limitation [20], our helium-oxygen results would sup port our postulate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Human cases of hypersensitivity pneu monitis have been associated with patholog ical evidence of bronchiolar narrowing [1,6], In rabbits, experimental exposure to M. faeni antigen has resulted in necrotizing in flammation of respiratory bronchioles [1. 19], In some animals, bronchiolar fibrosis also was present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhalation of a variety of antigens, in cluding thermophilic actinomycètes, avian proteins, and bacterial enzymes, can result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis [1,2], In patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the response of the lung to the inhaled anti gen is generally thought to be a type III and/ or a type IV hypersensitivity reaction [1]; the role of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity type I reaction) is less clear [ 11. The clinical and pathological character istics of hypersensitivity pneumonitides have been well described [1][2][3]. Physiologic studies have shown a spectrum of abnor malities, with restrictive changes character ized by loss of lung volume being most com mon [3,4], Airflow obstruction can also re sult [5,6] but sequelae leading to chronic and severe obstructive disease in hypersen sitivity pneumonitis patients have received little attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Airflow Obstruction in a Patient with Pigeon Breeder’s Lung; Prevalence of IgE Antibodies to Avian Antigens

Fairshter

Martinez²,

Novey

1982

Respiration

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We report a case of pigeon breeder’s lung in which chronic airflow obstruction and not restrictive lung disease was predominant. The patient’s disease was severe enough to require hospitalizations twice to reverse respiratory failure. Helium-oxygen flow volume curves were consistent with a peripheral site of flow limitation, and immunoserological studies disclosed specific IgE as well as precipitating antibody responses to pigeon antigens. Immunological studies on 18 other patients with pigeon breeder’s lung demonstrated a prevalence rate of specific IgE antibodies of 78%, a frequency not previously recognized. Exposures to avian antigens must be considered in patients with obstructive lung disease of unknown etiology.

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“…Of the many forms of HP, Farmer's Lung and Pigeon-Breeder's Lung are the most common. Acute forms of the disease are represented by Type 3 and 4 reactions and usually involve immune complexes and complement activation (Fink, 1976;Lopez & Salvaggio, 1976). Chronic HP is marked by interstitial T-cells and macrophages, as well as non-caseating granulomas that can lead to significant alveolar destruction and parenchymal fibrosis.…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Hp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A historical perspective of immunotoxicology

Luster

2013

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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An historical perspective of immunotoxicology is presented beginning from early observations in which exposure to workplace environments led to unexpected immune-mediated lung diseases to its eventual evolution as a sub-discipline in toxicology. As with most toxicology disciplines, immunotoxicology originated from concerns by scientists within industry and government as well as medical professionals to limit human exposure to agents that can potentially effect human health. The basis for these concerns originated from laboratory studies in experimental models and clinical observations that suggested certain industrial and agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and consumer products were capable of inadvertently interacting with the immune system and cause adverse health effects. The types of immunopathologies observed and mechanisms responsible were found to be broad, being dependent upon the physiochemical properties of an agent, exposure route, and target organ/tissue, and included allergic/hypersensitivity responses, immune dysfunction, manifested by suppression or, in rare instances, stimulation, autoimmune or autoimmune-like diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders.

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Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Current Concepts of Etiology and Pathogenesis

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

Chronic Airflow Obstruction in a Patient with Pigeon Breeder’s Lung; Prevalence of IgE Antibodies to Avian Antigens

A historical perspective of immunotoxicology

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