“…Severe sperm deterioration may occur from the association of leucocytospermia, smoking, additional drugs abuse with tramadol. Several reports supported that sperm DNA integrity is compromised with any condition, drugs or injurious exposure to testicular tissue affecting spermatogenesis (Abedi, Nabi, Mangoli, & Talebi, ; Aziz, Sharma, Mahfouz, Jha, & Agarwal, ; Cui, Jing, Wu, Wang, & Li, ; Desai et al., ; Lackner, Agarwal, Mahfouz, du Plessis, & Schatzl, ; Mahfouz, Sharma, et al., ; Nna et al., ; Talebi, Sarcheshmeh, Khalili, & Tabibnejad, ).…”