Hyperprolactinemia and Impaired Pituitary Response to Suppression and Stimulation in Chronic Renal Failure: Reversal after Transplantation*

Lim, Victoria S.; Kathpalia, S. C.; Frohman, Lawrence A.

doi:10.1210/jcem-48-1-101

Cited by 167 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…One of the important factors affecting the success rate of the SLNB technique is experience. Certain learning/experience is necessary (30,31) for the team of surgeons, nuclear medical specialists, and cytopathologists to achieve acceptable rates. Negative rates are high in this process (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the accuracy of isosulfan blue and technetium-99m lymphoscintigraphy to determine axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Albuz¹,

Akkurt²,

Ayan³

et al. 2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women, accounting for nearly 31% of all female cancers (1-3). Most patients in developed countries are diagnosed with stages I and II, of which about 65% have no axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis (4). However, complications such as edema, seroma, injuries of veins and nerves passing through ALN, limitation of arm movements, and pain are noted (5-7). The presence and number of axillary metastatic lymph nodes are the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer (4-7). The results of clinical evaluation of the axillary region are often misleading in approximately one third of patients (7-11). It was determined in 1930 that the lymphatic drainage of the primary tumor was directed to a focal point, from where it spread to other lymph nodes. This first station of lymph node metastasis was called sentinel lymph node (SLN) (12,13). Systematic studies of breast cancer have shown that cancer spreads to one or more SLNs before spreading to other ALNs (14,15). The present study aimed to evaluate axillary sentinal lymph node metastasis for breast cancer diagnosis. The effectiveness of technetium-99 m sulfur colloid, isosulfan blue (ISB), and concomitant use of technetium-99 m sulfur colloid and ISB was compared. SUMMARYThis study aimed to compare the efficiency of isosulfan blue (ISB) and colloid methods in determining metastatic conditions of axillary lymph node in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). This prospective study was performed between April 2005 and July 2009 at Gulhane Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery. A total of 102 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled in the clinic of Gulhane School of Medicine. According to the diagnostic protocols of SLN, the patients were divided into three groups as follows: ISB (group I), colloid (group II), and ISB and colloid (group III). SLN was identified in 49 of 52 patients (94.2%) in the ISB group; the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and false negativity (FN) ratio were found to be 90.9%, 75.8%, 96.1%, 55.5%, and 9.1%, respectively. On the contrary, the sentinel lymph node was identified in 38 of 38 (100%) patients in the colloid group; the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and FN were found to be 88.2%, 100%, 100%, 91.3%, and 11.8%, respectively. In ISB and colloid groups; SLN was identified in 12 of 12 (100%) patients in the ISB and colloid groups; the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and FN were found to be 100%, 100%, 100%, and 0%, respectively. This study showed that the combined methods applied to heterogeneous groups of patients for SLNB in breast cancer cases were minimally invasive and effective and hence could be used for evaluating nodal metastases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain learning/experience is necessary (30,31) for the team of surgeons, nuclear medical specialists, and cytopathologists to achieve acceptable rates. Negative rates are high in this process (30). The mean number of SLN was 1.87, with minimum 1 and maximum 3 SLNs, in the ISB group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the accuracy of isosulfan blue and technetium-99m lymphoscintigraphy to determine axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Albuz¹,

Akkurt²,

Ayan³

et al. 2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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“…It has been found that PRL levels return to normal after renal transplantation in the patients with CRF (30). It has been associated with decreased clearance of PRL and increased production related to hypothalamic dysregulation.…”

Section: Pathological Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Patients with Hyperprolactinemia

İlhan¹,

Turgut²

2017

Med J Islamic World Acad Sci

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“…Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are elevated, whereas follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are comparable or slightly lower than in normal women during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. Despite elevated levels of LH, women on dialysis fail to have the luteal surge of LH that is directly related to ovulation [7][8]. Other factors that affect fertility in ESRD patients include subclinical hypothyroidism, medications, fatigue, anemia, and depression, which further results in lack of libido [9][10].…”

Section: Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy or Uremia? – Case Report and Review of Conception, Pregnancy, and Complications in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Sandhu¹,

Regmi²,

Buchwald³

et al. 2014

Cureus

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Hyperprolactinemia and Impaired Pituitary Response to Suppression and Stimulation in Chronic Renal Failure: Reversal after Transplantation*

Cited by 167 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of the accuracy of isosulfan blue and technetium-99m lymphoscintigraphy to determine axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Comparison of the accuracy of isosulfan blue and technetium-99m lymphoscintigraphy to determine axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Evaluation of the Patients with Hyperprolactinemia

Pregnancy or Uremia? – Case Report and Review of Conception, Pregnancy, and Complications in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

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