Hyperprolactinemia

Majumdar, Abha; Mangal, Nisha Sharma

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1686-5_29

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Importantly, however, three months prior to the beginning of galactorrhea, due to worsening gastrointestinal complains, the omeprazole dose was doubled from a dose of 40 mg total a day to 80 mg total a day. This is above the maximum recommended dose for the treatment of GERD [4,16]. This significant increase in dose, at a point in time when her GFR was already low (25 mL/min/1.73m 2 ) in conjunction with the further progression of her graft dysfunction within the following three months to a GFR of 11 mL/min/1.72m 2 , may have led to sudden increase in serum prolactin levels resulting in galactorrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Etiological factors for hyperprolactinemia include physiologic (i.e., pregnancy and stress), pathologic (i.e., pituitary disorders, CNS disorders, pituitary tumors, Cushing's disease, severe hypothyroidism, and renal disease), and pharmacological causes. The latter is common, especially when patients are given neuroleptics, neuroleptic-like drugs, antidepressants, and H2receptor antagonists [16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Galactorrhea in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Friend or Foe?

Prikis

MacDougall

Narasimhadevara

2020

Case Reports in Transplantation

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Over the last decades, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been widely used as the mainstay for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal side effects, gastroesophageal reflux, and peptic ulcer disease. However, their safety profile has come into question recently after reports relating them to several side effects as well as kidney disease. Omeprazole, one of the mainly used PPIs, is almost entirely metabolized by the liver but the resulting metabolites are renally excreted. These metabolites may inhibit cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) reversibly, but as recent evidence suggests, they may also be involved in causing kidney disease. In the setting of renal dysfunction, these metabolites will not be excreted from the body and will accumulate further causing kidney damage and inhibiting CYP enzymes to a greater extent. Abnormally high serum prolactin levels leading to galactorrhea may be the result of such an accumulation. To our knowledge, there have been only three previously reported cases of PPI-induced galactorrhea in the literature but none in a kidney transplant recipient. In patients with established kidney disease and reduced glomerular filtration rate like kidney transplant recipients, the use of PPIs should be thoroughly assessed. Reduced clearance of their metabolites may lead to progression of the kidney disease and lead to more unwanted side effects. We present a case of a female kidney transplant recipient with worsening allograft function who presented with sudden galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia while on a high-dose omeprazole for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Galactorrhea in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Friend or Foe?

Prikis

MacDougall

Narasimhadevara

2020

Case Reports in Transplantation

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“…Hiperprolaktinemia adalah suatu kondisi peningkatan kadar prolaktin dalam darah yang dapat disebabkan oleh faktor fisiologis, patologis, atau idiopatik. 9 Beberapa manifestasi klinis yang dapat timbul pada hiperprolaktinemia antara lain seperti amenorrhoea (abnormalitas/tidak terjadi menstruasi selama 3 bulan/lebih pada wanita usia subur) dan galactorrhoea (keluarnya cairan seperti air susu dari payudara wanita yang tidak sedang dalam masa laktasi) pada wanita serta ginekomasti (pembesaran jaringan payudara pria) dan impotensi (disfungsi ereksi) pada pria. 10,11 Manifestasi klinis berupa gangguan neurologis seperti gangguan penglihatan dan nyeri kepala kronis dapat timbul akibat efek massa dari makrodenoma hipofisis.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Laporan Kasus: Perbaikan Kadar Prolaktin pada Makroadenoma Hipofisis dengan Terapi Bromokriptin dan EETA

Gayatri

Hidayati

2020

ijcp

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Hiperprolaktinemia merupakan salah satu gejala klinis yang umum terjadi pada kasus makroadenoma hipofisis. Hiperprolaktinemia yang terjadi pada makroadenoma hipofisis dapat disebabkan oleh adanya penekanan massa tumor terhadap infundibulum (pituitary stalk) atau adanya sekresi hormon oleh tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas pengaruh pemberian terapi bromokriptin dan operasi Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach (EETA) terhadap perbaikan kadar hormon prolaktin dan kondisi klinis pada kasus makroadenoma hipofisis dengan hiperprolaktinemia. Dalam laporan kasus ini, dilaporkan bahwa seorang remaja pria usia 17 tahun datang dengan hilangnya penglihatan mata kanan, nyeri kepala, sulit menelan, dan ginekomasti. Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) otak dengan kontras didapatkan adanya lesi ekstra aksial supratentorial di intrasellar yang meluas hingga suprasellar. Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan adanya hiperprolaktinemia 198,10 ng/mL (nilai referensi 2,1-17,1 ng/mL). Hiperprolaktinemia yang terjadi pada kasus ini dapat disebabkan oleh tumor hipofisis yang mensekresi prolaktin (prolaktinoma) dan/atau akibat dari pendesakan massa tumor terhadap infundibulum. Berdasarkan hasil anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan laboratorium dan penunjang, pasien didiagnosis mengalami makroadenoma hipofisis. Kami mempresentasikan kasus perbaikan kondisi klinis dan total penurunan kadar prolaktin sebesar 79,70% (pre pengobatan 198,10 ng/mL, post pengobatan 40,20 ng/mL) pada pasien dengan makroadenoma hipofisis yang disertai hiperprolaktinemia setelah dilakukan pemberian terapi bromokriptin 2,5 mg per hari selama 14 hari masa perawatan di rumah sakit dan tindakan operasi EETA.

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“…A similar significant negative correlation between cortisol and progesterone concentrations was found in Asian elephants and suggests that cortisol may also play an important role during the follicular phase (Fanson et al, 2014). Abnormally elevated concentrations of prolactin can cause aberrant or cessation of estrous cyclicity through a variety of mechanisms in other animals (Majumdar & Mangal, 2013), and cortisol can affect prolactin secretion (Fujikawa et al, 1995; Neill & Nagy, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation in serum concentrations of cortisol in captive African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants

2021

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Cortisol is involved in a broad range of physiological processes and enables animals to adapt to new situations and challenges. Diurnal fluctuations in circulating cortisol concentrations in elephants have been demonstrated based on samples from urine and saliva. The aims of this study were to demonstrate diurnal cortisol fluctuations based on blood samples and compare concentrations between seasons, species, and changes in reproductive hormone concentrations. Nine African (Loxodonta africana) and three Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants at two facilities in the United States were included in this study. Blood samples were collected every 2–3 h at one location and every 1–6 h at another. Peak serum concentrations of cortisol averaged 28 ng/ml for both African and Asian elephants, and diurnal cycles included a fivefold decrease from morning peak to evening nadir concentrations. Diurnal cortisol profiles varied uniquely among individual elephants. During the winter, nadir concentrations of cortisol were slightly higher, and the timing of peak concentrations was less predictable. There was no correlation between diurnal serum concentrations of progesterone and cortisol; however, a significant correlation (p = .02) was identified between serum concentrations of testosterone and cortisol when a time lag of ~2–3 h was considered. The physiological significance of the positive correlations between diurnal serum concentrations of cortisol and testosterone in male elephants remains to be determined. If cortisol concentrations are being used to evaluate elephant health or welfare, samples should be obtained at the same time each day to minimize variation due to diurnal fluctuations, and ideally seasonal variations and individuality in diurnal profiles should also be considered.

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Hyperprolactinemia

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Galactorrhea in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Friend or Foe?

Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Galactorrhea in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Friend or Foe?

Laporan Kasus: Perbaikan Kadar Prolaktin pada Makroadenoma Hipofisis dengan Terapi Bromokriptin dan EETA

Diurnal variation in serum concentrations of cortisol in captive African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants

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