Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus:Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Pharmacological Therapy

Johansen, Klaus

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1990.194

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The detailed pathogenesis is described in Klaus Johansen's clinical review of hyperlipidaemia in diabetes mellitus. 8 In the normal pathway, lipoprotein lipase is responsible for converting triglycerides from the intestines into fatty acids and monoglycerides in the capillaries of the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. These products are then transported into the fat and muscle tissue, where they are oxidised and esterified back into triglycerides for storage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic lipaemia retinalis in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: ‘white lines’

2023

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A man in his 60s presented for his medical retina clinic appointment, reporting increasing shortness of breath, aches and pains, and increasing insulin requirements during a difficult early lockdown. Wide-field colour fundus imaging (Optos Optomap) and an optical coherence tomography scan (Heidelberg Spectralis) revealed whitened and enlarged hyper-reflective vessels. Retinal colour photography also confirmed a creamy white discolouration of the vessels, which prompted the team to order a lipid profile. The profile showed a raised cholesterol level of 17.5 mmol/L (normal: <4mmol/L) and a marked elevated triglyceride level of 38.41 mmol/L (normal: <1.7 mmol/L).The clinical picture, alongside the biochemical results, suggested a diagnosis of secondary lipaemia retinalis due to poorly controlled diabetes. With aggressive treatment, the patient’s biochemistry and vessels returned to baseline.This rare condition should be taken as an indicator of a potential underlying life-threatening medical condition and the role an ophthalmologist has in initiating potential lifesaving intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic lipaemia retinalis in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: ‘white lines’

2023

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“…VLDL and chylomicrons, which transport exogenous and endogenous triglycerides, are broken down by lipoprotein lipase. When there is a deficiency of insulin, or insulin that doesn't work, the activity of this lipoprotein lipase will be reduced, this is what causes hyperlipidemia in people with DM (Johansen, 1990).…”

Section: The Role Of Hibiscus Sabdariffa As An Antihyperlipidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hibiscus sabdariffa on Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

Haque

Bayani

2023

IJOMS

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FGF21 has a role in modulating the uptake of macronutrients in the body. It is produced by the liver in response to high carbohydrate intake and acts as a signal to the brain to reduce carbohydrate intake. Liver is the main site for FGF21 production under the regulation of Unfolding Protein Response (UPR) in hepatocytes. FGF21 has an important role in regulating peripheral glucose tolerance as well as lipid metabolism. FGF21 expression in the liver depends on the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)–eukaryotic initiation factor 2? (eIF2?)–activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway. FGF21 can regulate the expression of glucose transporter 1, and increase glucose uptake. In addition, research shows that FGF21 can reduce blood sugar levels and also body weight in mice1. FGF21 can also increase insulin sensitivity by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing hepatic glycogen content, so that this can improve systemic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The researchers attempted to discover the influence of Hibiscus sadariffa on FGF21 on Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. The method used was literature review with data generated from various sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Pubmed. FGF21 has an effect on the function of ? and ß cells in the pancreas organ. In the islets of the pancreatic organs of rats with DM, administration of FGF21 increased insulin levels, induced insulin secretion, and inhibited glucagon secretion.

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Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus:Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Pharmacological Therapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic lipaemia retinalis in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: ‘white lines’

Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic lipaemia retinalis in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: ‘white lines’

Hibiscus sabdariffa on Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

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