Hyperlipemic response of young trained and untrained men after a high fat meal.

Abstract

To test the hypothesis that endurance training Is associated with a decreased llpemla after a high fat meal, 16 young men [22 to 34 years old, nine of whom were trained (T) and seven of whom were untrained (UT)] were recruited. T ran >30 or blked >100 miles a week, while UT had been sedentary for at least the preceding 3 months. Dally caloric Intake and dally caloric expenditure during exercise were 35% and 704% greater, respectively, In T than In UT. V O i^ was 31% greater, while percent body fat was 36% lower In T than In UT. Dietary composition and body height and weight were similar. After a fasting blood sample was taken, the men ate a high fat meal (approximately 56% of total calories as fat In 1100 kcal adjusted to body weight), and additional blood samples were taken hourly for 8 hours. Fasting llplds were similar. Postprandial peak trtglyceride (TGw), percent TG Increase (%TGI), and total llpemlc response (TLR, the area under the llpemla curve In excess of fasting TG) were 42%, 54%, and 75% greater, respectively, In UT vs. T. Stepwlse regression analysis showed that the same three-variable model (training status, fasting TG, and VOJ™,) described the variation In T G^ (/7'=0.97), %TGI (ft'=0.75), and TLR (ft 2 =0.92). Furthermore, this same analysis showed that after adjustment for fasting TG and VOftn.,, the UT group had a significantly greater postprandial llpemla whether expressed as T G^ (/X0.0001), %TGI (p=0.0002), or TLR (p=0.0002). Thus, endurance training appears to be associated with a diminished llpemla after a high fat meal in young adult men. (Arteriosclerosis 9:217-223, March/April 1989) A therosclerosis is the major underlying cause of death and disability in Western society.1 Most research dealing with the etiology of atherosclerotic vascular disease has linked elevated postabsorptive blood cholesterol and low density lipoproteins with an increased risk of developing the disease. In contrast, little attention has been paid to fat tolerance, which may be defined as the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to a fatty meal.2 However, the magnitude of the triglyceridemic response to a standard fatty meal (postprandial lipemia) differs substantially among apparently healthy individuals who are considered normolipidemic on the basis of fasting blood lipid values.3 Even among apparently normolipidemic individuals, the variability in postprandial lipemia may be pathophysiological, since a significant lipemia may persist throughout most of the day in normal adults consuming fatty foods over three meals. 4 In fact, recent work by Zilversmit 3 suggests that postprandial metabolism of TGrich lipoproteins may constitute an atherogenic process in individuals who chronically eat a diet rich in fat and cholesterol. Furthermore, Engelberg 6 has recently reviewed some older literature, which suggests that tissue hypoxia Received January 4,1988; revision accepted October 24,1988. can also result from this postprandial lipemia and that this hypoxia may also be atherogenic. Thus, if the rate of atherogenesis ...

Effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia and airway inflammation

“…Previous studies have compared the effects an acute bout of exercise on PPL between exercisers and non-exercisers where exercisers were only asked to refrain from vigorous exercise for 0-36 hours prior to a HFM. These studies reported that exercisers demonstrated low levels of postprandial lipemia compared to inactive subjects (64,79,101,105). However, other studies comparing trained and untrained individuals when exercise was restricted for a longer period prior to a HFM (>60 hours) showed no differences in PPL between trained and untrained subjects (46,94).…”

Physical activity, obesity and blood lipids

“…Postprandial lipaemia following an oral fat challenge is 27 ± 59% lower, 46 ± 49 and removal rates of intravenous TAG 26 ± 92% higher, 46,50 ± 53 in endurance-trained individuals (middle-aged men as well as young men and women) than in untrainedasedentary controls. In some of these studies, the athletic groups clearly possessed lower levels of body fat than the sedentary comparison groups; 47,48,52,53 in others this was not reported but controls were not markedly different in body mass (information on fatness not reported). 46,51 As well as differences in body fat levels, other factors such as habitual diet and muscle ®bre population probably contribute to the high metabolic capacity of athletes for TAG.…”

Postprandial lipemic and inflammatory responses to high-fat meals: a review of the roles of acute and chronic exercise

“…It has been well established that regular exercisers have a lower postprandial lipemic response compared to non-exercisers [14, 81]. The triglyceride lowering effects of frequent exercise are often attributed to increased HDL concentrations [20], increased post-exercise lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity [82], and replenishment of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) post exercise [83].…”

“…Evidence suggests that PPL may be attenuated through acute bouts of exercise as well as chronic aerobic training [13, 14]. Furthermore, highly active individuals tend to have lower levels of systemic inflammation as compared to less active individuals [15].…”