Hyperinsulinemia in patients with low fractional catabolic rate of triglycerides

Abstract

In non-diabetic persons whose serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations ranged from normal to very high levels, endogenous TG turnover was measured using the radioglycerol method of Farquhar and coworkers. Insulin, FFA, and glucose concentrations were estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test. Stimulated insulin levels were correlated positively to TG concentrations and absolute TG turnover rates, and negatively to fractional TG catabolic rates. FFA concentrations had similar relationships, also in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. A more detailed analysis showed that elevated insulin and FFA levels - as an expression of peripheral insulin resistance - are typical finding in the kind of patients whose fractional TG catabolic rate is low [less than or equal to 0.210 (h-1)], irrespective of actual serum TG concentration. Our data do not suggest a stimulatory role of insulin for TG production.

Metabolic Syndrome and β-Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Brain, Heart, and Kidney Mitochondria

“…On the other hand, there is a strong belief that glucose is the only source of ATP in the central nervous system [ 3 , 4 ]. Although abnormalities of both lipids and glucose metabolisms have direct connections with the metabolic syndrome and the associated pathologies, there is much confusion about how these energy substrates metabolize and interact at the mitochondrial level to produce ATP [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Some patients acquire abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism with insulin resistance, whereas others have symptoms of cardiovascular pathologies, but all patients have excessive body weight. In 1981, the publication on the close relations between insulin resistance and abnormalities in lipid metabolism [ 5 ] stimulated research in the related fields. By the end of the 1980s, the term “metabolic syndrome” had been accepted as a separate nosological unit.…”

Androgen receptor (AR) in cardiovascular diseases

“…These factors are also known to affect the metabolic syndromes (Julius, Leonhardt et al 1981; Schulze, Julius et al 1981). It is well known that obese individuals are prone to develop more insulin resistance compared to non-obese individuals since these individuals have higher chances of having metabolic risk factors, such as elevated circulating triglycerides (TGs), reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated fasting blood glucose levels, and high blood pressure (Hu, Qiao et al 2004).…”