Hypericum perforatum as a cognitive enhancer in rodents: A meta-analysis

Ben-Eliezer, Daniel; Yechiam, Eldad

doi:10.1038/srep35700

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…There are studies on the cognitive enhancing properties of caffeine ( 18 ), nicotine ( 14 – 17 ), curcumin ( 46 – 48 ), St John’s wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) ( 49 ), Bacopa monnieri ( 50 ), and many others. Perry and Howes ( 51 ) completed an informative review on medicinal plants in dementia, pointing out the potential cognitive benefits of a significant variety of plants and herbs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychonauts’ World of Cognitive Enhancers

et al. 2020

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Background: There is growing availability of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), including cognitive enhancers (CEs) which can be used in the treatment of certain mental health disorders. While treating cognitive deficit symptoms in neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders using CEs might have significant benefits for patients, the increasing recreational use of these substances by healthy individuals raises many clinical, medico-legal, and ethical issues. Moreover, it has become very challenging for clinicians to keep up-to-date with CEs currently available as comprehensive official lists do not exist. Methods: Using a web crawler (NPSfinder ®), the present study aimed at assessing psychonaut fora/platforms to better understand the online situation regarding CEs. We compared NPSfinder ® entries with those from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) NPS databases up to spring 2019. Any substance that was identified by NPSfinder ® was considered a CE if it was either described as having nootropic abilities by psychonauts or if it was listed among the known CEs by Froestl and colleagues. Results: A total of 142 unique CEs were identified by NPSfinder ®. They were divided into 10 categories, including plants/herbs/products (29%), prescribed drugs (17%), image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) (15%), psychostimulants (15%), miscellaneous (8%), Phenethylamines (6%), GABAergic drugs (5%), cannabimimetic (4%), tryptamines derivatives (0.5%), and piperazine derivatives (0.5%). A total of 105 chemically different substances were uniquely identified by NPSfinder ®. Only one CE was uniquely identified by the EMCDDA; no CE was uniquely identified by the UNODC. Conclusions: These results show that NPSfinder ® is helpful as part of an Early Warning System, which could update clinicians with the growing numbers and types of nootropics in the increasingly difficult-to-follow internet world. Improving clinicians' knowledge of NPS could promote more effective prevention and harm reduction measures in clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychonauts’ World of Cognitive Enhancers

et al. 2020

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“…Although these tests are designed to assess different components of memory or learning processes, in the present study they were broadly categorized into two types, one that assessed reference memory and another recognition memory ( 57 - 59 ). The experiments performed with MWM, active/passive avoidance paradigms, and T- and Y-mazes were considered to assess reference memory and the novel recognition tests and social recognition paradigms were considered to assess recognition memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hussain

Farhana

Alshammari

et al. 2022

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Patients with mild cognitive impairment eventually progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing a strong impact on public health. Rosmarinus officinalis has long been known as the herb of remembrance and can be a potential cognition enhancer for AD. The aim of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of R. officinalis and its active constituents in enhancing cognition. A structured search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed to find relevant studies that assessed the effect of R. officinalis extract or any of its active constituents on cognitive performance in animals. The following information was extracted from each study: 1) article information; 2) characteristics of study animals; 3) type of intervention: type, dose, duration, and frequency of administration of R. officinalis ; and 4) type of outcome measure. Data were analyzed using Review Manager and meta-analysis was performed by computing the standardized mean difference. Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis. From the fifteen included papers, 22 with 35 comparisons were meta-analyzed. Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96), indicating a positive effect on both groups. The subgroup analyses showed substantial unexplained heterogeneity among studies. Overall, R. officinalis improved cognitive outcomes in normal and impaired animals, and results were robust across species, type of extract, treatment duration, and type of memory. However, studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses failed to find any heterogeneity moderator.

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“…Glutamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter, an energy substrate, the precursor of the neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as a potent neurotoxin [ 179 ]. As such, glutamate homeostasis is paramount, and several plants (e.g., Hypericum perforatum [ 98 ] and Mangifera indica [ 108 ]) reportedly regulate glutamate signaling through NMDA receptor antagonism.…”

Section: Botanicals For Cognitive Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction

et al. 2021

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Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.

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Hypericum perforatum as a cognitive enhancer in rodents: A meta-analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 59 publications

The Psychonauts’ World of Cognitive Enhancers

The Psychonauts’ World of Cognitive Enhancers

Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Potential Herb–Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction

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